Manufacture And Application Of Microbial Diversity In Aerobic Composting Of Cattle Manure

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the livestock and poultry, livestock and poultry manure pollution of the environment has become increasingly prominent. As a approach of livestock manure treatment and resource use, aerobic composting has many advantages like low production costs, less pollution, soil improvement, and so on. Screening of this study, aerobic compost inocula from cow dung, compost validation, large-scale processing equipment and parameter optimization, the application of organic fertilizers and 16SrRNA method was used for microbial diversity analysis and identification, the main conclusions are:(1) From the temperature curve, heating rate, days of compost high temperature, the GI after compost, cellulose, hemicellulose degradation rate of cow dung aerobic composting process, we filtered out the single-strain HBi,HB2,HB3,HB4,HB10,LB2,HB14,MB5,MF9,LF11,MC5,MC9. All the 12 kinds of dominant single strain were screened in the single-strain tests.(2) 16SrRNA PCR-DGGE method was used to isolated 417 microorganisms from cow dung natural aerobic fermentation process. There are 177 bacteria microorganisms1113 actinomycetes microbial and 127 fungal microorganisms. Bacteria is the dominant groups, biodiversity index is more than 2.1; The number and types of actinomycetes microbial are less, and the diversity index is less than 1.4; The number and types of fungal microorganisms are in the central parity states, the density continues to increase in the cooling stage, and it played a decisive role in the cellulose decomposition. It's the advantaged groups in the late.(3) The advantage single strain derived from (1) was combinated according to the composite strain screening principles and was used in the process of cattle manure aerobic composting. Composite strain treatment 1-8 were significantly higher than the CK treatment. From the decomposition of cellulosic materials, changes in temperature and nutrients, germination index,we obtained:treatment 2 is the best-xylophagous Streptomyces (Streptomyces Xylophagus), addicted to cold Bacillus subtilis (Psychrobacter sp.), Thermophilic Aeromonas (Thermomonospora), Potsdam Bacillus bacilli (Brevibacillus), Volume sticks Mucor (Mucor circinelloides) and polonium Penicillium (Penicillium. polonicum).(4) In the compost reaction process of the composite strain, the kinds of bacteria reduced from 15 to 12, and the Potsdam short Bacillus (Brevibacillus borstelensis)was disappear; The kinds of actinomycetes increased from 5 to 7 and become the dominant groups at the beginning of compost; The kinds of Fungi increased from 6 to 10. Complex microbial are:psychrophilic Bacillus subtilis {Psychrobacter sp.), Thermophilic Aeromonas (Thermomonospora) the xylophagous Streptomyces {Streptomyces Xylophagus), volume branch mucormycosis (Mucorcircinelloides), and polonium Penicillium (Penicillium polonicum) composition.(5) Based on the parameters of the laboratory-scale orthogonal fermentation, the optimal conditions for large-scale production by orthogonal test are:water content was 65%, the initial C/N was 30:1, daily ventilation 30min, the initial mass fraction of organic matter was 80%, the initial temperature was 30℃, pH value 8.0.(6) The effect on maize under different treatment (organic manure, chemical fertilizer and no fertilization) were compared:the two-spike rate of treatment under chemical fertilizer was slightly lower than the treatment under organic fertilizer, but the other factors were higher than both of the treatment under organic manure and on fertilization. Maize rhizome of treatment chemical fertilizer was larger than the other two treatments. The number of roots less than 4mm diameter range of treatment organic fertilizer was significantly higher than the other two treatments.(7) Different soil layers showing different biological diversity index and species under different fertilization treatments. Treatments fertilization and organic fertilizer has a high diversity index from the surface to the deep, on the contrary of fertilizers. Content of aggregates first increased and then decreased with the increase of particle size,2-0.25 mm size aggregates was the dominant grain size. Content of HM was the highest in each components of HS. The content of each component in HS did not change significantly with the increase of particle size. Long-term application of organic fertilizer made of 2-0.25mm aggregates in HA content, HM content, PQ value and HS component enrichment rate increased.