| Wetland seed banks and soil animals are an important part of the wetland ecosystem. They play a vital role in the circulation of materials and wetland restoration process. Research on the diversity of wetland seed bank and soil animals is important for soil biodiversity. We designed to reveal the soil seed bank and soil animal variation at lake Tai lakeshore wetland and its relationship with the major environmental factor and different vegetation cover. We also analyzed the impact on seed banks and soil animals in different reed wetland restoration period.(1) Soil seed bank temporal and spatial heterogeneity under4different vegetation cover types (A:Rumex acetosa lakeshore wetland, B:Tree and shrub lakeshore wetland, C:Crop lakeshore wetland, D:Natural reed lakeshore wetland) was analysed with a germination method. The results showed that the number of soil seed bank species was30in the four different vegetation cover types, most belonging to therophyte and perennial plants.The species number of the seed bank in April, August and November was21,16and18, respectively. With the increase of soil depth, the vertical distribution of the seed bank showed a decreasing trend. No significant differences were observed in the soil seed bank between the three periods. Seasonal dynamics of lakeshore wetland seed bank density were in decreasing order from Spring (April) to Summer (August) and then Autumn (November) in Lake Tai.(2) Relationship between standing vegetation and soil seed bank with4different vegetation cover types (A:Rumex acetosa lakeshore wetland, B:Tree and shrub lakeshore wetland, C:Crop lakeshore wetland, D:Natural reed lakeshore wetland) were determined in lakeshore, Lake Tai. The results showed that the number of the standing vegetation species (39) was more than the soil seed bank species (21). Sorensen similarity coefficients between the seed bank and standing vegetation species composition was relatively small (0.143-0.333). Life form of the dominant species in the seed bank was therophyte and perennial plants. In order to analyze the spatial pattern of soil seed bank and its relation to environmental factors in Taihu lakeshore wetland,4different lakeshore wetlands were established, which were mainly consisted with perennial plants. Seedling germination experiment was carried out and ordination technique (Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA) was used in the study areas. Results showed that soil pH, soil moisture content, electric conductance, vegetation cover and soil bulk density influenced the distribution of the seed bank. According to the characteristics of different environmental factors,18species of seed bank in soil layer I were divided into three groups,16species of seed bank in soil layer II level were divided into two groups,11species of seed bank in soil layer III were divided into three groups,corresponding to a different environment gradient. Seed bank was mainly affected by soil moisture, which had relatively more hygrophilous plants. Species Capsella bursa-pastoris, Messerschmidia sibirica, Corchoropsis tomentosa and Eleocharis valleculosa were distributed at all levels in the soil, which were mainly affected by the impact of soil moisture in lakeshore wetland, Lake Tai.(3) The soil animal community structure and diversity were analysed under4different vegetation cover types (A:Rumex acetosa lakeshore wetland, B:Tree and shrub lakeshore wetland, C:Crop lakeshore wetland, D:Natural reed lakeshore wetland). Tullgren and Baermann's methods were used to extract3575soil fauna individuals and classified into four phyla, twelve classes, and105taxonomic groups.The density of soil animal communities was2794.49-67766.39ind/m2. Combining the four kinds of cover types as a whole, the overall reserves of the soil animals were in decreasing order, April2010> November2010> August2010> February2011. Arthropoda and Nematoda phylum constituted the main body of the soil fauna. The number of individuals and groups of soil fauna vertical distribution had a certain degree of accumulation, but not the same at different seasons. Different groups of soil animals in response to different environmental factors, and various soil factors on the impact of the distribution of soil fauna were different. In April2010,Geophilomorpha had a significantly relationship to soil organic matter (SOM), Entomobryidae and Onychiuridae were mainly influenced by available phosphorous (A-P). In August2010, total phosphorous (TP) had a strong impact on the larva of Carabidae, Lygaeidae and Liocranidae, while electric conductance (Cond) had strong impact on Gastropoda. In November2010, Isopoda was mainly influenced by toal phosphorous (TP), while Culicidae was mainly influenced by pH, and Lygaeidae was mainly influenced by temperature. In February2011, the larvae of Lepidoptera and Pselaphidae was mainly influenced by pH, while the larvae of was mainly influenced by available phosphorous (A-P).(4) Relationship between standing vegetation and soil seed bank in the Taihu lakeshore reed wetland (Middle and long-term reed restoration lakeshore, Short-term reed restoration lakeshore, Natural reed lakeshore) with a germination method. The results showed that the number of the standing vegetation species (24) was more than the soil seed bank species (20). Sorensen similarity coefficients of species composition between the seed bank and standing vegetation was relatively small (0.143-0.303). The species number of the standing vegetation in3types was13,19and7respectively. The species number of the seed bank in3types was8,14and7species respectively. Overall, the average seed bank density in Natural reed lakeshore (4773±1387.57ind/m2)> Short-term reed restoration lakeshore (3760±530.71ind/m2) Middle and long-term reed restoration lakeshore (1813±654.80ind/m2).(5) The effect of reed wetland restoration (Middle and long-term reed restoration lakeshore, Short-term reed restoration lakeshore, Natural reed lakeshore) on soil animals in Lake Tai was analysed. A total of93groups of soil animals were found in reed restoration lakeshore wetland, Lake Tai. Among them, the number of Middle and long-term reed restoration lakeshore, Short-term reed restoration lakeshore, Natural reed lakeshore soil animal groups was71,51,63respectively. The results showed that Enchytraeidae, Diplopoda and Nematoda were the dominant groups in the middle and long term reed restoration wetlands, accounting for the total number of individuals22.44%,21.01%and19.35%respectively. Nematoda was the dominant group in short-term reed restoration wetlands, which were23.02%of the total number of individuals, followed by7.22%of the Acari. Nematoda was the dominant group in natural reed wetlands, accounting for33.83%of the total number of individuals. Vertical distribution of reed restoration wetland soil animals showed a strong surface gathering trend. The impact on soil animals of wetland restoration first reflected in the succession of soil fauna groups, while had a little effect on the number of individuals in the short term.The average density was in the middle and long-term reed restoration lakeshore> natural reed lakeshore> short-term reed restoration lakeshore, except for February2011. Different groups of soil animals had different response to different environmental factors.
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