Fujian Chicken Sabouraud Live White Echinococcosis Etiology, Pathology And Epidemiology Study,

This paper deals with the pathogenology, epidemiology, pathology and the natural transmitters epidemiology of Leucocytozoonosis in chickens from Fujian. Thin blood films from 388 chickens were examined from Zhangping, Long~iai, jianu and Yong'an in Fujian Province during 1998 to 2001. There were two species of Leucotozoon in chicken such as Leucotozoon caulleryi, Mathis & Leger, 1909 and Leucotozoon sabrazesi Mathis & Leger, 1910. The incidence-rate of L. sabrazesi varied from 56.25% to 83.35%, with an average of 64.47% and about 0.77% of them infected with L.caulleryi. It was found that the maximum incidence-rate was observed in the 5-7 month, which was about 84.6 1%, and a small peak was found in 10-11 month. which was about 74.29%. Compared with the different age of chickens. the incidence-rate and incidence-intensity of the 2-4 month old were higher. There were no diversity in the incidence-iate in different strain of chickens. But there was obvious diversity by analyzing the serum protein between the healthy chickens and the sickly birds of Leucocytozoonsis. As shown by the examination of 3 naturally infected chickens, there was a diurnal fluctuation of gametocyte-numbers in the peripheral blood. The diurnal periodicity was characterized by the peak densities during day light hours, while the numbers of gametocyte was in low densities during dark hours. But as shown by the examination of 4 naturally infected chickens , parasite populations of L.sabrazesi under the conditions of continuous dark exhibited a state of random periodicity. Microgarnetocyte in exflagellation can also take place in physiological saline. The species of Simulium had been examined. It was proved that Simulium(G.) metatarsale was the naturally transmission vector for L.sabrazesi of 67 examined S. (G.)metatarsale, 17 were found to be naturally infected with ookintes, oocysts and sporozoites. Development of L.sabrazesi in S. (G.)metatarsale was recognized to be in five stages; in brief, these stages were I, gamete; 2, zygotes; 3, ookinetes; 4, oocysts; 5, mature sporozoites. The total tune of development was about 96 hours. It was proved that the polysaccharides were synthesized by themselves and were accumulated during their development. The diurnal fluctuation in S. (G.)metaarsale were studied in 6, 2000. It was found that the maximum number was in the early morning(5-6 a.m.). and a small peak was found at evening(5-6 30 p.m.). Survey on the seasonal incidence of S.(G.)metatarsale number was carried out during 2000-2001. The great majority of S. (G.)metatarsale population were found from May to July. The numbers fell down quickly in August, but higher number counts appeared again from September to October. A small peak was found between October and Novmber. The development of L.sabrazsi in chicken passed through schizogony in tissues and gametocyte development in blood. It was found that schizogony occurred in hepatic cells which called hepatic schizonts and macrophage in the tissues of kidny, lung, heart, brain, pancreas, liver and so on. We also found macorphagous schizont, varied from 87.50 to 202.50 ii m in the tissues of internal organs. It was clearly indicated that blood feature of the naturally infected chickens were lower than those of healthy birds. The pathological effects were anemia, splenomegaly. liver hypertrophy and deyeneration in 10 cases of necropsy.