| During the past 30 years, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. However, the mortality has not been significantly reduced. Most patients died of recurrence and metastasis. Migration and invasion were the hallmarks of cancer cells with high metastasis capacity. Therefore, determining factors correlated with metastasis and motility has important clinical significance. Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, while esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological subtype in Asia, especially in China. In this study, we determined important factors correlated with migration of ESCC. Eight pairs of ESCC and adjacent normal tissue specimens, four with lymph node metastasis and four without, were analyzed via 2-DE-MALDI-TOF-MS strategy,36 differentially expressed proteins were identified, 13 down-regulated and 23 up-regulated. Five up-regulated proteins were correlated with glycolysis. Subsequently, it was validated that glucose consumption and lactate production of ESCC cells were much more than normal cells. Concordantly, the mitochondria of ESCC cell lines were abnormal and dysfunction. Meanwhile, the migration rate of KYSE410 with higher glycolysis was much faster than KYSE30 with lower glycolysis. The energy supply of both KYSE30 and KYSE410 was major supported by glycolysis, while KYSE410 was much more dependent on it. In addition, stathmin and hnRNP H were found to be over-expressed in ESCC tissues. Stathmin knockdown and stabilized phosphorylation of stathmin both impaired the migration of ESCC cells. Overall, these results showed that the migration of ESCC cell lines was correlated with aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). In addition, stathmin and hnRNP H might serve as potential histological biomarkers of ESCC. All of the results were helpful to better understand the mechanisms of ESCC metastasis.
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