Type 2 Diabetes, Graves Disease, Yin Deficiency Of Nos Ctla-4 Correlation

Objective: To probe the pathological foundation and essence of Yin deficiency syndrome in TCM from two angles of protein molecule and gene by investigating the levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the patients diagnosed as Yin deficiency syndrome in both non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hyperthyroidism.Methods: Select 30 cases of NIDDM and 30 cases of hyperthyroidism both diagnosed as Yin deficiency syndrome which are respectively used as NIDDM-Yin deficiency group and hyperthyroidism-Yin deficiency group, and 30 healthy persons are used as control group. The blood sampling from vein of all cases of these three groups was performed before meal in early morning. (1) Fasting serum NOS activities in all cases of the three groups were determined by spectrophotography. (2) Fasting serum levels of CTLA-4 in all cases of the three groups were determined by an enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) method with double antibody and sandwich technique. (3) NOSmRNA expressions in all cases of the three groups were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (4) The A/G polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 gene was analyzed with technique of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Finally the all determination results were analyzed with statistical method.Results: (1) The levels of serum NOS activity in the cases of both NIDDM-Yin deficiency group and hyperthyroidism-Yin deficiency group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05 ) , however, there is no significant difference in NOS activity between NIDDM-Yin deficiency group and hyperthyroidism-Yin deficiency one. (2) The levels of serum CTLA-4 in the cases of both NIDDM-Yin deficiency group and hyperthyroidism-Yin deficiency group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01 ), however, there is no significant difference in CTLA-4 level between these two Yin deficiency groups. (3) The expressions of NOSmRNA in both Yin deficiency groups are heightened than those in control group( P<0.01), however, there is no significant difference between these two Yin deficiency groups. (4) The frequencies of the G allele at position 49 in exon 1 of the CTLA-4 genotype in both...