Intravenous Local Anesthesia Clinical Research

Background and Objective Tourniquet pain limits the use of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) . Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) with tourniquet has shown protecting benefits on the recovery of skeletal muscle following tourniquet ischemia, but no evidence in tourniquet pain. Much effort has been done to reduce the use of local anesthetic and relieve the tourniquet pain. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of upper limb ischemia preconditioning with tourniquet and whether provided any advantages in tourniquet pain.Methods With Human Investigation Committee approval. We recruited twelve-unsedated healthy volunteers into this prospective, randomized study. The volunteers were divided into two groups: Three-minutes-IPC group, the one upper limb was given three-minutes tourniquet inflation (tourniquet pressure 250mmHg), deflation three minutes, repeating three times; Five-minute-IPC group, one upper limb was given five-minute tourniquet inflation(tourniquet pressure 250mmHg), deflation five minutes, repeating three times. Soon after, the two upper limbs were exsanguinated simultaneously, tourniquet inflation (pressure 250mmHg) in the same time. When volunteers felt tourniquet pain over tolerance (numeric rating scale; NRS=10), tourniquet deflation. In the term of experiment, we recorded transcutaneous oxygen saturation, heart rates, NRS scores per five minutes...