Exercise Due To Fatigue Syndrome Characteristics And Molecular Biological Mechanisms Of Learning Memory Ability To Change

Sports fatigue (SF) is the body of the physiological process that can not sustaine their functions in a particular level and (or) organs are unable to maintain the scheduled exercise intensity. Accompanying with physical fatigue, mental fatigue approaches, resulting in further decline in exercise capacity and physical fitness. Therefore, the fatigue state of cognitive processing capacity evaluation and treatment has attracted widespread attention. In recent years, China's sports medicine sector has applied Chinese medicine to eliminate fatigue, some progress has been made, but there are also certain issues, for example, previous studies mostly concentrated in single ingredient, compound medicine research fields. The studies on Chinese medicine pathogenesis of SF are relatively rare, the Syndrome study about SF associated memory and cognitive function is seldom observed. Differential Treatment System is the basic theories and the basic characteristics of the main content of Chinese medicine. Therefore, we start from the theoretical research, and through clinical and experimental studies on the characteristics of Chinese syndromes and the mechanisms of molecular biology research about the change in learning and memory caused by SF, in order to give better play to the Chinese medicine treatment, and lay the foundation for the study of Differential Treatment of SF.1. Theoretical StudySF may be accompanied by a process of learning and memory decline, which is important to the day-to-day work life and sports competition. Therefore, we organized the theory on the change of the learning and memory with Chinese understanding, now summarized as follows:1.1 Use Five Viscera theory to explain the changes of learning and memory ability induced by SFAccording to the basic performance of fatigue, SF can be divided into physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Physiological fatigue can be further divided into central fatigue and peripheral fatigue. Physical fatigue is all of the physiological changes in the phenomenon of physical activities, processes, laws, mechanisms, as well as the factors collectively, which is similar to the change of the generalized Chinese god.The narrow god of Chinese medicine can be divided into five directional gods and Emotions.Mental fatigue performance is divided into two levels, negative emotions and declining information processing ability. Negative emotions are very similar to the activities of the emotional changes in Chinese medicine. The dropped information processing capacity is very similar to the connotation of Chinese five directional gods.Therefore, we study the over exercise-induced decline in learning and memory capacity should be based on the theory of Chinese Five Viscera contain God. We should do the dynamic observation of SF Syndromes, and made SF's emotional recognition and the processing capability assessment, at the same time, we analyze the correlation between the two.1.2 The theoretical basis of learning and memory decline caused by liver and spleen dysfunctionIn this part of theoretical study, we explored the theory of liver and spleen dysfunction caused by exercise-induced fatigue, and proceeded to affect learning and memory capacity from the perspectives of Chinese medicine and modern medicine respectively. From the Chinese medical point of view, exercise-induced fatigue led to the liver and spleen physiological dysfunction, which affect their functions of Five Viscera contain God. From the modern medical point of view, liver and spleen dysfunction caused energy metabolism obstacles, thus affecting learning and memory capacity. Previous Natural Science Foundation-funded projects "adjusting and nourishing Qi with Chinese medicine to eliminate fatigue" shows that soothing the liver and invigorating the spleen medicine have a better regulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter imbalance in the Role. Therefore, we should evaluate learning and memory ability after SF, and use different herbs to observe how they affect GLU / GABA receptors and signal transduction systems, and their mechanisms on improving learning and memory capacity.2 Clinical StudiesIn this part we observed the Chinese Syndromes of SF, combining with the experimental psychology research methods, and conducted a relevance study between the Chinese syndromes and cognitive functions, as well as emotional states. The key elements are as follows:2.1 The study on the characteristics of Chinese Syndromes of SFWe selected 130 healthy male soldiers without fatigue symptom for this study. Results showed that after exercise the sores of RPE and FS-14 scale significantly increased, which indicated that the subjects had SF. Through the assessment of Chinese Syndromes before and after training on the subjects by single logistic regression,we concluded that 10 Chinese Syndromes were related to SF. They were deficiency of Qi, liver Qi stagnation, Spleen and liver deficiency, kidney deficiency, heart deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, excessive liver-fire, phlegm syndrome. By analyzing these syndromes, we found that SF involved in deficiency Syndromes such as deficiency of blood, viscera Deficiency, and excessive Syndromes such as liver Qi stagnation, blood stasis, excessive liver-fire, phlegm syndrome.2.2 Related research on characteristics of cognitive functions and Chinese syndromes of FatigueThis study showed that fatigue leads to the decline in the cognitive processing capacity such as movement of memory, attention, and reaction. Among them, reaction time is relevant to Qi and Spleen deficiency syndromes; attention is associated with Qi deficiency, heart deficiency, liver deficiency, liver Qi stagnation syndromes; working memory is related to spleen deficiency, liver deficiency, heart deficiency, kidney deficiency, liver Qi stagnation, Qi deficiency, and blood deficiency syndromes. By analyzing these results, we concluded that changes in cognitive function caused by SF are closely related to the overall Five Viscera physiological dysfunction and Qi and blood weakness, which fully demonstrates the essence of the activities of God, is that the five internal organs are the core, blood and other substances are the basis.2.3 Related research on emotional characteristics and Chinese Syndromes of SFThe results showed that before and after training, the subjects have appeared obvious changes in the seven POMS scale factors. Relevant analysis shows that the tension factor is positively correlated to Chinese chalice stagnation sputum interference syndrome, liver Qi stagnation, phlegm, liver deficiency, and blood deficiency syndromes. Depression is positively correlated to liver Qi stagnation, Qi deficiency, liver deficiency, phlegm, and Spleen and chalice stagnation sputum interference, blood deficiency syndrome. Anger is positively correlated to liver Qi stagnation, excessive liver-fire, Yin deficiency, liver deficiency syndromes. Fatigue is positively correlated to liver Qi stagnation, qi deficiency, kidney deficiency, Spleen and heart deficiency, blood stasis, excessive liver-fire, blood deficiency syndromes. Confusion factor is positively correlated to kidney deficiency, excessive liver-fire, blood deficiency, heart deficiency syndrome. Energy factor is negatively correlated to qi deficiency, kidney deficiency, liver Qi stagnation, liver deficiency, heart deficiency, Spleen, Yang deficiency Syndromes. Self-esteem factor is negatively correlated to heart deficiency, kidney deficiency, Qi deficiency Syndromes.3. Experimental StudiesIn this part we focus on the researches of mechanism of molecular biology of learning and memory capacity changes caused by SF. We evaluated the learning and memory capacity through establishing animal models of sports fatigue. We use immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR methods to observe the changes of rats GLU/ GABA receptors and mRNA in different brain regions, and use different Chinese herbs to intervene for animal models in order to investigate their roles in medicine mechanisms. Main content and the results are as follows:3.1 Establishing rat model of sports fatigueIn this study, we established SF animal model by letting rats swim. Using this model can avoid experimental errors caused by additional factors imposed, and is easy to maintain exercise intensity at a high level. So this is an ideal SF modeling method. Through evaluating the changes of the animal weight, as well as other indicators such as BUN, TG, CK, LDH, we can safely announced that the SF model is successful. The use of three kinds of Chinese medicine recipes of soothing the liver and regulating Qi- Cold Limbs Powder, invigorating the spleen-Four Gentlemen Decoction ,and tonifying the kidney-Pills for Tonifying the Kidney Qi showed that the tripartite have the function to improve the fatigue state.3.2 Assessing learning and memory ability of the animal modelIn this part we evaluate learning and memory abilities of the model rats by two classic experimental methods. Avoid dark experimental results showed that the model group avoiding latency was significantly shortened compared with the normal control group (P <0.01), and the number of errors significantly increased (P <0.01). Water maze test showed that the model group learning and memory was time-significantly longer than the normal control group (P <0.01), the number of errors significantly increased (P <0.01). The two experiments indicate that SF leads to the decrease of learning and memory ability in rats. To a certain extent, dispersing the depressed liver-energy medicine group, invigorating the spleen medicine group, and tonifying the kidney Group can all improve the ability of the learning and memory of the rats of the model. Among these groups, soothing the liver medicine group can improve the role of learning and memory ability most obvious.3.3 changes of expression of GLU/ GABA receptors in different brain areasThe results showed that in the hippocampus site, GLU Subunit receptors NR1, NR2A, and NR2B have shown a downward trend of the numbers of positive cells, IOD, and MOD in the model group compared with the control group, while GABA Subunit receptor GABAARα1 increased. In the striatum site, NMDA Subunit receptors NR1, NR2A, GABAARα1 increased in the numbers of positive cells, IOD, and MOD in the model group compared with the control group, while NR2B decreased. The result indicates that the excitatory of the hippocampus and striatum neurons has been curbed. Through the intervening of soothing the liver, invigorating the spleen, tonifying the kidney on that model shows that the soothing liver and invigorating spleen groups can better regulate GLU and GABA receptors protein in hippocampal and the striatum.3.4 changes of expression of GLU/GABA receptors mRNA in different brain areasThe results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of model group of NR1, NR2A, and NR2BmRNA declined, and GABAARα1 mRNA increased in hippocampus site, while the expression of NR1, NR2A, and GABAARα1 mRNA increased, and NR2BmRNA expression declined in Striatum site. With the comparison with IOD, it can be seen that the changes of the expression of receptor mRNA and protein are in the level of the basic trend line, which suggests that changes of subunit receptors of GLU/ GABA may be caused mainly by the changes of its mRNA . At the same time, its translation process may also be affected. And the role of traditional Chinese medicine may regulate the level of gene and affect the expression of the protein. Among them, groups of soothing the liver, invigorating the spleen medicine have a better regulation of GLU and GABA receptor subtypes and mRNA. The function of tonifying the kidney group is not significant. Studies have shown that it also plays a certain role in improving learning and memory ability in SF, the mechanism is yet to be further explored.4. SummaryAccording to the Experience of previous study on this issue, we research on Syndrome characteristics and mechanisms of molecular biology of the change in learning and memory capacity caused by SF. In Theoretical study, we start from the etiology, pathogenesis through the in-depth excavation of the five internal organs'function, and explain the movement of fatigue mechanisms of learning and memory change from the five internal organs of God theory. In clinical studies, we observed Chinese syndrome of SF, combining with experimental psychology research methods, we studied the relevance of Chinese syndromes and cognitive functions, emotional states. In the experimental studies, we established rat model of sports fatigue, and assessed learning and memory ability of the animal model. Then we use immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative PCR methods systematically observaed the changes of subunit receptors of GLU/GABA in the expression of mRNA and protein levels. At the same time, we use different Chinese herbs intervening animal models in order to investigate the role of drug mechanisms and the model's characteristics of Chinese Syndrome. All the studies give better play to the characteristics of Chinese medicine treatment and lay the foundation for studying Differential Treatment of sports fatigue.