Study On Urban Integrated Mosquito Control

With the development of society and economy, expansion of scale of city construction and acceleration of urbanization of countryside, people's life is gradually improved. However, it brings a series of public health problems. Mosquito is one of the most important medical insects. A lot of mosquito breeding sites in the city exist because there are no reasonable sewer system resulting in blockage of runway and deterioration of water, and many billabongs and pits aren't filled in time in the construction fields. Besides, numerous artificial water containers become the main breeding sites. On the other hand, the change of mosquito community has been taken place obviously for the urbanization of countryside. The harm of mosquito to the urban residents gradually emerged and was increasingly focused.The methods of mosquito control include environmental management, chemical control, biological control and regulation control. It is very important to develop and apply chemical pesticides to control mosquito from 1940s. Unfortunately, using chemical pesticides are almost replaced by the other methods and killing adult mosquito would substitute for controlling larvae at the large extent in many regions of China. The increasing resistance of mosquito and environmental pollution have emerged due to the wrong strategies of mosquito control. Therefore, Integrated Mosquito Control (IMC) is the growing trend in the city.In order that the scientifical basis of urban mosquito control should be provided, some measures were taken to control mosquito at no-harm level in a long time in the testing zone of Nanjing city in 2006-2007. In this study, the strategy of IMC is proposed, the correlation between the larval population and the adult one of mosquito at no-harm level is found, and the present indices of mosquito control are discussed.The results were as follows:1.The species composition of urban mosquitoesFour kinds of mosquitoes including Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Anopheles sinensis were found, accounting for 32.9%, 62.0%, 2.4% and 2.7%, respectively, when the mosquito population was monitored by the carbon dioxide (CO2)-light trap method in the testing and control zone. The proportion of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was much higher than that of Cx. pipiens pallens. Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were no doubt the dominant species either in the testing zone or in the control zone, and the proportion of them were more than 30% and 60% from the monitoring results of the year of 2006. The proportion of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was higher than that of Cx. pipiens pallens from July to the first third of September, while the population of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus began to decrease from the last third of September. The population of Cx. pipiens pallens started to increase from the first third of September and the proportion of it was higher than one of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in October. In addition, An. sinensis was also found in the center of city, accounting for 2.6%-3.2%. 2.The change of health education level of urban residents before and after IMC The 2011 people chosen from 20 communities of the test and control zone in Nanjing by two-stage sampling were surveyed in home. The contents of questionaire include the knowledge of disease transmission, ecology and control methods of mosquito, and the attitude and performance of controlling them. The awareness and the belif-holding rate among urban residents were much higher in the testing zone than in the control zone after one-year IMC (P<0.05). The rates of right answer about mosquito-related knowledge were higher than 95% except that the rate of the subject"it is not necessary to use chemical pesticides for controlling mosquito"was 85.2%. Health education should become the important preventing measure on urban mosquito control.3. The evaluation of urban integrated mosquito controlThe strategy of integrated mosquito control was taken in the testing zone. For example, health education was conducted to all people by government, their own mosquito breeding sites were cleared away by the urban residents themselves, the mosquito breeding sites in the public place are cleaned up and the larvicide was used in permanent breeding sites by Pest Control Operation (PCO). The population of Culex and Aedes mosquito were monitored by CO2-light traps and ovitraps. The Population Related Index (PRI) of Culex and Aedes mosquito in the testing zone was 12.3 and 13.2, and the population decreasing rate was 87.7% and 86.8%, respectively. The mean mosquito population in the testing zone was 1.2 for one trap. The population decreasing rate in the health care center, kindergarten, residential area and hotel was not less than 80% respectively. The decreasing rate of positive breeding sites was 95.5%. In the testing zone, 79% of residents thought there were very few mosquitoes, 85% thought there was very little nuisance of mosquito, and 5.8% often used the deet outdoors. There was the significant difference about nuisance perception in two zones (P<0.05). The difference about the average control expense of mosquito yearly for one family was statistically significant in two zones (P<0.01). It should be the good method to adopt urban integrated control aimed at mosquito larvae.4.The correlation between the evaluation indicators of mosquito controlThe data of evaluation indices of mosquito control were analyzed by the correlation analysis method. The results showed that the coefficient between the population of adult mosquitoes and the pathway index was 0.903, and the coefficient between the pathway index and the oviposition index was 0.874, respectively. This correlation was significantly positive. If x1, x2 and x3 represents the population of mosquito adults (No.mosquitoes for one light), the pathway index (No. positive breeding sites for one kilometer) and the oviposition index (%), respectively, the regression models were as follows:...