Distant Ischemic Training To Promote Angiogenesis And Differential Protein Expression

AIMS: This study was designed to evaluate the remote effect of angiogenesis augmented by a remote ischemic training (RIT) of skeletal muscle in models of controlled myocardial or skeletal muscle ischemia. METHODS: 1. Controlled myocardial ischemia: Subjects were grouped by RIT, myocardial ischemia without RIT (MI) and sham-operation (Sham). Controlled myocardial ischemia was modeled by a balloon constrictor implanted on their left ventricular branch (LVB) in New Zealand rabbit. RIT was induced by four cycles of 10 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion with tourniquets in hind limbs of the myocardial ischemia models for 4 weeks. 2. Controlled skeletal muscle ischemia: Subjects were grouped by unilateral remote ischemic training (uRIT) and unilateral limb ischemia (LI). Controlled skeletal muscle ischemia was modeled by a balloon constrictor implanted on their left femoral artery in New Zealand rabbit. Unilateral remote ischemic training was induced by four cycles of 10 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion with tourniquets in their right limbs for 4 weeks. The angiogenesis was documented by measurement of relative regional blood flow by microspheres, capillary density by immunohistochemistry (Factor VIII), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by Western blot and digital subtraction angiography (DSA, controlled skeletal muscle ischemia). RESULTS: The regional blood flow, capillary density and VEGF in RIT were 35%, 49% and 28% higher than MI (p<0.01). The increase of regional blood flow, capillary density are highly correlated with VEGF (r=0.74, 0.67, p<0.01). Both RIT and MI groups exhibited stronger angiogenesis than Sham (p<0.01). uRIT exhibited stronger angiogenesis than LI by DSA. CONCLUSIONS: There is strong remote effect of angiogenesis augmented by RIT of skeletal muscle in models of controlled myocardial or skeletal muscle ischemia. AIMS: This study was designed to evaluate the proteomic mechanism of myocardial angiogenesis augmented by a remote ischemic training (RIT) of skeletal muscle in a model of controlled myocardial ischemia. METHODS: Subjects were grouped by RIT, myocardial ischemia without RIT (MI) and sham-operation (Sham). Controlled myocardial ischemia was modeled by a balloon constrictor implanted on their left ventricular branch (LVB) in New Zealand rabbit. RIT was induced by four cycles of 10 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion with tourniquets in hind limbs of the myocardial ischemia models for 4 weeks. Myocardial samples were subjected to two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI TOF for protein identification. RESULTS: Thirty-eight differentially expressed protein spots between RIT and MI were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and 22 proteins out of them were identified by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation of angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium by RIT has identical identified proteomic findings with differentially expressed proteins.