Study On Chemical Constituents Of Four Macrofungi And Signal Molecules Of Mycorrhizal Fungi

It has been estimated that there are about 1000 poisonous mushroom in the world and more than 400 species in China.To now then, about 70 toxic compounds have been isolated and identified from poisonous mushroom.Poisoning cases occurred by poisonous mushroom had been occurred frequently in recent years in Southern China.But the toxic compounds haven't been known in many poisonous mushroom.For understanding the toxins of some poisonous mushrooms,the chemical constituents of Russula subigricans Hongo,Psilocybe spp and Chlorophyllum molybdites have been isolated and identified by the means of column chromatography,TLC and spectrum technology.Eight compounds have been islolated and identified on the basis of the spectroscopic data from the Russula subigricans Hongo:5α,8α-epidioxy -(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),(22E,24R)-ergosta-7 ,22-dien-3β,5α,6α-triol(cerevisterol)(2),(22E,24R)-7,22-diene-3β, 5α,6β,9α-tetraol(3),3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (4),4-Methylcholest-7-en-3-ol(5),3β-linoleyloxyergost-7-ene(6), Catalpinic acid(7),(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2 -[(R) -2'-hydroxyheptadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene (8)。Compound 3 and compound 4 exhibited cytotoxic activity according to references.Six compounds have been islolated and identified for the first time on the basis of the spectroscopic data from the Psilocybe spp.5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),3β-linoleyloxyergost-7 -ene(2),β-Carotene(3),5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-diene-3β,7β-diol (5),tryptophan(6)。The optimal culture condition of Chlorophyllum molybdites and chemical constituents of its mycelium have been studied.The results showed that the optimal carbon-source and nitrogen-source were sucrose and peptone respectively.The optimal culture temperature was 25～30℃. Four compounds have been isolated and identified on the basis of the spectroscopic data from the Chlorophyllum,molybdites:5α,8α-epidioxy -(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α6α-triol(2),poxyergosta-8(14),22- diene-3β,7α-ol(3),3β-linoleyloxyergost -7-ene(4)。Xylaria nigripes(KI.) Sacc,a rare fungus,had also been known as wulingshen,it was a well-known nutritious medicinal fungus,which have the benefit spirit,key brain,keep blood and tranquilize the nerves effect. Although the fermented mycelium as a medicinal product had come into market,the bioactive compounds have been understood little.So the chemical constituents of the fermented mycelium of X.nigripes were investigated.Nine known compounds:5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4 -chromanone(1),5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-chromanone(2),5-hydroxyl -2-methyl-4-chromanone(3),1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutan -one(4),5α,8α-epidioxyergosta -6,22-dien-3β-ol(5), ergost-7,22-dien -3,5,6-triol(6),euphorbol(7),β-sitosterol(8) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl )-ethanol(9) were isolated and identified from Xylaria nigripes for the first time,and their structures were mainly determined by MS and NMR methods.Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time as the natural product.Compound 4 exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity according to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical.Without the symbiosis,mycorrhizal fungi cann't complete its life history.Signalling molecules secreted by plant in low concentrations promote the mycorrhizal fungi to grow.For finding out the signalling molecules released by Pinus massoniana Lamb which can promote the growth of Lactarius deliciosus.This dissertation studies on chemical constituents of Pinus massoniana by the means of column chromatography,TLC and spectrum technology to isolate and identify the structure.31 compounds have been isolated and identified from Pinus massoniana Lamb.10 compounds:pinoresinol(1),Matairesinol(2),(-)-nortrachelogenin (3),Balanophonin(4),1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl )-propane-1,3-diol(5),tanegoo(6),Cedrusin(7),(-)-threo (8),(+)-threo(9),pinosylvin(10),had been isolated from EtOH fraction of Pinus massoniana.20 compounds:8(14),15-Pimaradien-19-oic acid(11),15-methoxy-abietic(12),pimaric(13),podocarpic(14),12-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(15),dehydroabietic acid(16),15-hydroxydehydroabietic (17),3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one(18),3β-hydroxyserrat -14-en-21-one(19),3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one -30-al (20),(24R)-stigmast -4-ene-3-one(21),β-sitosterol(22),(E)-3-hydroxy-5 -methoxy-stilbene(23),4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinn-amaldehyde(24), (E)-ferulic acidtetracosyl ester(25),alkylferulates(26),pinocembin(27), coniferaldehyde(28),3-hydroxy-1,7,7-trimrthyl bicycle(29),4- hydroxy-1 ,7,7-trimrthyl bicycle(30),had been isolated from butanol fraction of Pinus massoniana Lamb.Among these compounds,three compounds: pinoresinol,Balanophonin,Cedrusin can promote the growth of Lactarius deliciosus.