The Research On Risk Management Of Human Capital Investment In Public Hospital

Objectives:As the typical representative of the health organization, the foundation to realize the human capital value and the hospital value maximum is human capital value. So the human capital investment played an important role in hospital management. But it is confirmed by theory and practice that there is high risk in the human capital investment at home and abroad. In view of the research of human capital investment in health field is relatively weak, the article system research public hospital to improve theoretical system of public hospital human capital investment, analyze the key risk unit and influencing factors, and construct theoretical model of risk management of public hospital investment. Hope to promote the research and practice.Methods:The article applies to theory discussion and demonstration research, combining with Qualitative and quantitative study on human capital investment risk in public hospital. At first, author carry on content analysis and secondary analysis on the basis of collecting a great amount of documents. Combining theories such as human capital management, human capital property right, risk management and so on. Secondly the author designs the research approach. Objective to investigate the risk influencing factors of human capital investment, a procedure of stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in nation based on geographical location and economical condition, including 6 secondary hospitals and 6 tertiary hospitals. The subject are personnel manager, midlevel manager and senior employees a total of 508. All data are processed by SPSS for Windows 12.00. Statistical Analysis methods include Descriptive Statistics, nonparametric test, chi-squared analysis, factor analysis, the Analysis Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. At last the article analysis the results of experts consultation, nominal group discussion, and the interview results. Results and Conclusions:1. The basic concepts are defined. The article use for reference from results of human capital investment in other field at home and abroad, including Human capital of public hospital, human capital investment of public hospital and human capital investment risk of public hospital etc. The author construct theory model from five taches on management risk in hospital: prediction and decision risk, recruitment risk, development and training risk, distribution and use risk.2.The theory analysis of human capital investment of public hospital. The author thinks the investment risk should be divided into 2 ways: environment risk and management risk. The former include general environment risk and concrete environmental. The environment risk of politics, economy and society is small probability. The industry environment endow with public hospital some superiority on human capital investment, but there are potential threat through distribution, use and loss of human capital. In addition, there are a series of factors in concrete environmental, such as the local economy and technology environment, the competition within medical service market, the contest of human capital within competitor etc. It affects the effect of human capital investment inevitably. According to the difference of risk subject, the management risk in public hospital could be divided into 2 sections, the behavior risk of manager and the reaction behavior risk of being managed. The main reason of human capital investment include the character of human capital investment, the character of human capital property right, incomplete information and asymmetric information among the investmeng, human heterogeneity etc.3. The demonstration research of the public hospital's management risk of human capital investment.The management of investment presentes differences along with different level of hospital. The higher satisfaction with local environment of hospital, the lower risk of human capital loss. It is different about the policy of human resources management in different level of hospital. In general, perfect degree of HRM in the tertiary hospitals is better than the secondary hospitals, including the human capital's recruitment plan(χ2=8.723 P<0.01), the hospital's environment (p<0.05)etc. But in secondary hospitals, the satisfaction with salary(p<0.01), career management (χ2=4.746 p<0.05)is better than the tertiary hospitals.The management of investment presentes differences along with different department. In general, the system of HRM in clinical department is better than the administrate office, including the human capital's recruitment plan(χ2=4.986 P<0.01), training system(p<0.05), training plan(χ2=14.330 p<0.01), career management(χ2=0.029 p<0.05), and so on.The management of investment presentes differences along with midlevel manager and senior employees. The satisfaction of enior employees with salary, Examination System , confidence in hospital development is lower than midlevel manager(p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis of loss risk of human capital investment showed that the satisfaction of salary(OR=0.437, P<0.01), hospital culture(OR=0.437, P=P<0.01) and want to leave area (OR=6.260, P=P<0.01)are the main factors.4.The factor analysis result through the behavior of manager show that the hospital management system, the hospital strength, the decision right of personnel, and the information risk of human capital are the main impact factors of investment risk. And The factor analysis result through the reaction behavior of being managed show that there are 8 factors: the satisfaction with hospital system and environment, the local environment, the job burnout and so on.The article goes on to study 14 factors and find that it can be divided into 4 class: the individual factor of employee, the department factor, the hospital factor and the local factor. The theory model of main investment risk is designed on this basis.5. The article construct risk rate index of human capital investment through the Delphi method and AHP. Evaluate the investment tache risk and the whole investment risk in the tertiary hospitals, the secondary hospitals and in each hospital with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. It shows that the risk level is low in environment risk, recruitment risk, development and training risk. The distribution and use risk is midding, and the prediction and decision risk is high. The whole risk in public hospital is low, but the tertiary hospitals investment risk is higher than the secondary hospitals. There is difference of loss risk in the tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals. The evaluation of each hospital shows that the level of environment risk is different, but the prediction and decision risk is high in each hospital. The distribution and use risk is low as a result of the perfect HRM system.Suggestions:1.The risk management of human capital investment in public hospital. The article define the system of risk management, including the system of risk identification, the system of risk auditing, the system of risk evaluation, the system of risk prevention and the system of risk control.Upon the research contents and results, the Key Point of risk identification contains three parts: the first, the recognition of risk classification. Such as environment risk and management risk, the behavior risk of manager and the reaction behavior risk of being managed etc. The second, the recognition of risk unit. The author construct model of risk unit from five taches on management risk in hospital: prediction and decision risk, recruitment risk, development and training risk, distribution and use risk. The third, the recognition of risk factors. The investment risk is closely linked with management system in hospital. And among the possible factors of human capital loss, there are four main factors: the system of salary welfare, the hospital culture, the exterior environment of hospital and the level of hospital.In the process of risk audit, the auditor should audit risk source, risk unit and risk factor one by one, in order to make sure that hospital manager have take action to track,identify these potential risk.In the system of risk prevetion, we should take different way between management risk with environment risk.The emphases in risk prevetion of hospital environment is environment analysis and competitor analysis. But the management risk prevention recurs to human capital operation.2. The article put forward human capital operation to control investment risk. The system of human capital operation includes four parts: the system of prediction and decision, the system of recruitment, the system of development and training, and the system of using. In first part, the establishment and improvement of collective decision-making system, human capital investment planning, hospital stratagem is most important. In the system of development and training, the manager should put attention to training plan, the analysis of training demand, the training's content and method, the evaluation of training effect etc. In the last part, manager should focus on job analysis, career management, health investment and hospital culture.3.The author put forward the innovaion of human capital property right to prevent investment risk in public hospital: the Motivation Mechanism, the Mechanism of psychological contract and the restriction mechanism.Three contents, the salary prompting, the walfare prompting and the career development prompting, are the most important among the salary and welfare system based on human capital property right. Upon the results above, the salary and welfare is one of the main factor affects the human capital's efficiency and stability, so the hospital should design science and rational project on salary. The first, the salary project should keep rivalrousness with society and competitor. The second, the salary should consider the condition of the hospital financing. The fourth, the salary should pay attention to the walfare mind of employee. The last, the level of salary should relate with position, duty etc. The last, the equity of promotin also cann't be ignored.Restriction system takes important role in the risk prevention of human capital investment risk. Except assessing system, there are behaviour restriction of manager and being, contract restriction. The results of investigation tell us that contract is not an effective way to prevent human capital loss risk, about 66.1 percent employee. So the contract restriction is not a finally atrategy to risk prevention. The article put forward prevent investment risk by other approach, such as the psychology contract, the career investment, the emotion investment, and the harmonious relationship investment.