One And Heterogeneous

The "class theory" was the dominant mode of literary criticism seventeen years after the state foundation (1949-1966). The emergence of this kind of thought was the inevitable result of the internal contradictions between the literary criticism in China—which fitted the reality of Chinese revolution and finally replaced the "non-logic" and "non-programmatic" of the "May Fourth" "human literary"; meanwhile, as a kind of literary criticism, the "class theory" have the function of historical applicability, timeliness and limitations.Based on the study of this kind of thought, the paper start from the heterogeneous criticism in the "Seventeen Years" Literary Criticism, analyzes the criticizing and straightening way of the heterogeneous concept in the literary criticism in this period, and shows the ultimate trend of the literary criticism and creation of the "Seventeen Years", to show the historical contribution, basic contradiction, inspiration and lessons of the "Seventeen Years"literary criticism concept leading by the "Class theory". The paper sets the "Class theory" of the literary criticism as the main line, focuses on the analysis of the relationship between the heterogeneity" literature concept, studies the internal logic of the "Seventeen Years"literary criticism concept, and shows the historical fate of the concept that was criticized, integrated, and assimilated finally, for demonstrating the complexity, corporeality and contradiction of the literary criticism in this period. The paper includes introduction, body and conclusion, and the body is divided into five chapters.The first chapter mainly summarizes the Criticism mechanism of the "Seventeen Years" Literary Criticism—the historical background, necessity and historical limitations of the formation of the "class theory" critical thought. With the"human literary", we can find that since the"May Fourth Movement", the modern literary criticism has been full of "non-logic" and "non-programmatic" nature, which means it has no methodology and program basis to unify people, but also no material and human requirements for practice; in the difficult path of national liberation at that time, the characteristic of modern literary criticism leading it would bound be replaced by a kind of highly concentrated and organized literary criticism program, while the critical system of the "class theory" just fit this need. Meanwhile, the interpretation system of the "class theory" also has limitations, the linear historical view of with "class only theory" thought, and class struggle program, and the strong rejection mechanism all gave injury to the specialty of literature. Under the inertia effects of the history wheel, the criticism mechanism of the "class theory" has extended to the period after the state foundation, and become the dominant standard of literary criticism quickly.The second chapter mainly discusses the criterion of the "Seventeen Years" literary criticism—the concrete content and expressions ways of the "class theory" interpretation system. First of all, the position and view of the proletariats is the core of the "class theory", this determines the literary criticism must start from certain class position to view and evaluate literature, and its views must fit the standard of the proletariats; secondly, the concept of literary creation must distinguish the class boundaries, to ensure the firmness and purity of the revolution which is the guarantee of the "class theory". This feature makes the class character be the first ideas of writers, and becomes the "basic property" of literature; then, the writing of new characters, heroes and other class models is the literary mission of the "class theory". The depiction of the class model relates to the problems of the creator's position and devotion, it permeates their political orientation and class position, and it is the inevitable choice of the of political ideals and advancement of one class; finally, the tools, and arms theory is the literary function of the "class theory", which makes the literature creation reflect more on serving which class. The above-mentioned points are the criterion and the bottom line of the "class theory" to conduct its criticism and rectification.The third chapter mainly discusses the "heterogeneity" literary concept covenanted by the "class theory" overflowed in the "Seventeen Years" period, and it includes three interpretation systems of human nature theory, truth theory, and freedom theory. In the interpretation system of"human nature theory", the "common humanity" creative ideas promoted by Ba Ren, Wang Shuming, and Xu Maoyong, et al, blurred the class boundaries of humanity; SHAO Quan-lin, and Hu Feng et al respected the human complexity thus interfered the purity of the revolutionary class; Chen Bochui, and Wang Yu et al respected the human personality and the unique of"this one", and explored the secrets of human mind, so the personality concealed the common character of class; Qian Gurong excluded the creation specifications of class with his humanitarian literature scale, and sheltered the mainstream standards of literary criticism strictly. In the interpretation systems of"truth theory", Qin Zhaoyang, Chen Yong, Feng Xuefeng, Liu Shaotang, Huang Qiuyun et al advocated to face the objective truth and reality conflict with the subject of writer, to let the"truth"gain super-class property; A Long, Li Helin et al used"truth"as the evaluation criteria, to solve the conflicts between art and politics but confused the primary and secondary status of politics and art instead, and thus canceled the word basis of "political criteria first". In the interpretation systems of"freedom theory", Hu Feng, Jiang Kongyan, and Feng Xuefeng et al valued the subjective experience of writers, and abandoned the prior position of the class nature; Wang Xiyan et al respected writers'creative personality and talent, but ignored the common nature of class; Hu Feng, Shi Tianhe, Huang Yaomian, and Wang Ruowang et al questioned the decisive role of the transcendental world view to creation, and thus interfered the class theory concept's unity to creation. The above-mentioned interpretation systems affected the normal operation of"class theory"thought in different aspects, and thus were criticized widely.The fourth chapter describes some of the critics conducted some degree of making up and reconciling to the"class theory"concept to resist the "extreme leftist" thought. These reconciling mainly absorbed various useful "heterogeneity" factor, but can not ease the fundamental contradiction between"unity"and "heterogeneity". In the integration of the class theory and human nature, Xiao yin, Zhang Guangniang, Lin Mohan et al conducted various degrees of integration between the class nature and personalities, Li Xifan also did so, but these ways of reconciling made personalities become the client of class nature; in the integration of class nature theory and truth theory, Tang Tao et al stood for the infiltration of real life, real emotions and correct ideology; Zhong Dianfei et al claimed to choose the reality needed by art based on the thematic thoughts; Mao Dun et al clainmed to use class tendentiousness to determine the historical authenticity under certain topic, but these "reality" concepts must be established under the constraints of the priori position; in the integration of class theory and freedom theory, Ding Ling et al advocated to settle in people, and cultivated creative experiences in the class life; Hou Jinjing advocated to analyze concretely to different writers under common political standard to realize the freedom under the unified world view, but these creative freedom must be controlled in the norm of class.The fifth chapter discusses the developing trend of the "Seventeen Years" literary criticism, which means the trend of the"class theory"purified itself and stepped toward extreme. This trend reflected in various "heterogeneity" factor changing the"class theory"thoughts. In the transformation of human nature to the"class theory", the"class theory"realized the class division to humanity ultimately, purified humanity and highlighted the class marks; in the transformation of the truth theory to the class theory, the real life was controlled by the absolute class position, which reflected strongly on the distinction between"new and old"realism, and the reality of with the class struggle as the program; in the transformation of the freedom theory to the class theory,"writing important theme"gained dominant position, and the creative personality was attributed to class character. In this kind of transformation process, the class theory realized self-purification, but gave birth to the subversion factors in the process of exclusion "heterogeneous". Finally, theory of pure class realized by the cultural revolution literature criticism. It makes the shape of "person" solidificated and generalized as a polar mode; At the same time, it also realized the political and the authenticity consistent completely, standpoint of class and writers'creation standpoint absolute unanimityIn summary, the"class theory"thought led the overall model of the "Seventeen Years" literary criticism and Criticism, and it had advantages and disadvantages in itself. The conclusion summarizes the historical contribution of the"class theory"in the unity of proletariat's thoughts and beliefs, and cohesion of class power in the real literary creation; meanwhile, it discusses the basic contradictions among the literary norms, the universal and richness of literary creation emotion, the multi-faceted nature of real life, and the experienced humanity of writers in creation and other aspects; the paper summarizes the historical lessons of the "Seventeen Years" literary criticism that is the dominant mechanism of it should meet the basic laws of artistic creation and the reality development. Meanwhile, the order of literary criticism and critical mechanism should be alert for their own limitations and shelters, only by doing this, can the literary criticism renew blood and shine vitality.