Study On Subjectivity Of "ba" In Modern Chinese

The paper has seven chapters.The first chapter is introduction, which survey,significance and methods for the subjectivity of"ba"are concerned.The second chapter is about the subjectivity of"ba",which is theoretical frame of this paper.Firstly, the subjectivity is introduced ,which thinks that the comments,attitude and feeling is conveyed while he expresses something. it is mainly showed by means of"feeling","viewpoints"and"recognition".the means of subjectivity is called as Subjectification,,which is divided into two kinds: recessive means and dominant means, of which vocabulary is important.Secondly, subjectivity of"ba"is explored which three issues are concerned:①the proof for the subjectivity of"ba. the strong the subjectivity of"ba"is proofed by comparing with sentence structure and its surroundings;②the recognition for the subjectivity of"ba."gei"as a mark of the subjectivity of"ba"is proofed by pragmatic meaning of"ba"with"gei"and verbs meaning behind it.Lastly, the embodiment of the subjectivity of"ba"is concerned. the subjectivity of"ba"is mainly showed by means of"feeling","viewpoints"and"recognition".of which"feeling"is showed as"empathy"to object;"viewpoints"is showed as judgment for subjective amount and"recognition"is showed as the recognition for the grammar meaning and the relations between the cause and result of"ba".The third chapter is on the subjectivity of"ba"embodied by unself-controlling verbs,psychological verbs and subjective recognizing Verbs, which is strong subjective for its sufferance,mood and subjective recognition. The subjectivity of "ba"is explored from the view points of resultant complements and degree complements. Some practical results conform to predicting results, while some practical results don't conform to the predicting results, which make speaker surprising. the subjectivity of degree complements in"ba"is on its subjective amounts ,which is far above expectation from speaker.The forth chapter is on the subjectivity of"ba"embodied by adverbials. Firstly adverbials is divided into two parts: restrictive adverbial and descriptive adverbial according to classification of liuyuehua and describe their subjectivity in"ba". The time,degree and scope is concerned in restrictive adverbial, which is related to subjective amount in subjectivity: subjective time- amount in time,subjective degree- amount in degree and subjective scope- amount in scope. Descriptive adverbial is divided into two parts: act-description and agent- description. act-description is refereed to amount of action,ways,mood,attitude,feeling of doer. subjectivity of"ba"is on one hand embodied as subjective amounts, on the other hand as subjective state, which is conveyed by reiterative and symmetry. Agent- description is conveyed from the attitude,feeling,mood,state .The subjectivity conveyed by Agent- descriptive adverbial can be either from the positive and negative.The fifth chapter is on the subjectivity of"ba"embodied by mood adverbs. Firstly, the mood adverbs,the relation between mood and modality,refinement of mood is reviewed ; Mood adverbs is divided into nine categories : amazing,lucky,willing,adversative,coincidence,emphasis,tactful,predicting and comprehension. Mood adverbs is important means to convey subjectivity. The mood adverbs which can be used in"ba"can express three means: subjective prediction,subjective willing,subjective attitude.The subjectivity of special"ba"is concerned in the sixth chapter. and the special"ba"is divided into two categories according to its structure:"我把你这个NP!"and"把+个+NP+VC"and then its subjectivity for two special"ba"is researched. Several aspects are concerned for the subjectivity of"我把你这个NP!":①pragmatic meaning of"我把你这个NP!②the characteristics of NP. ③the cause for producing this sentence. We think: the reason for the special"ba"is its tactful ;the characters of this sentence is brief ;reproach is its focus of meaning.The subjectivity of"把+个+NP+VC"is explored as follows:①pragmatic meaning; I think amazement and suddenness is focus of meaning②the cause for producing subjectivity in special"ba"is its sufferance of complements,great difference between expectation and reality and lofty from"ge".The object behind"ba"is transformed from Concrete matter to quality by"ge"The seventh chapter is a summary of whole paper. The contributions is that:①"ba"is explored thoroughly with subjectivity for the first time .The subjectivity of"ba"is a little concerned in the past, but it is only introduction.②The subjective mark for"ba"is put forward and subjectivity of"ba"are described from all the viewpoints.③The strong subjectivity is proofedThe weakness of this paper is not comprehensive and explained with theories. The sub-classification,degree of subjectivity for"ba"is less concerned and reference for other sentence is less considered.