The Studies Of The Marking New Novel In The Late-Qing Dynasty

Among the novels of Late-Qing dynasty, there were a special kind of works whose title would be marked with the word of "new", like NEW DREAMS OF RED CHAMBER, NEW AIRSHIP, NEW SHANGHAI, NEW CITIZENS OF TWENTITH CENTURY, etc. These are called marking "new" novels and are the study objects of this thesis. The main task is to describe this phenomenon based upon the researching materials, discuss its cause, classify and analyze the works. The purpose is to remedy the blank in the researching field of late Qing novels and get some valuable revelations from them.Based on this task, the thesis is divided into three parts, study on the outer phenomenon, study on the inner works and appendix. More detailed contents are as follows:The Introduction is mainly to solve some problems which would be encountered in the following research, including the definition of marking "new" phenomenon, the discrimination of some confusing conceptions, the summary of the achievements already made, and to show the value and describe the method and idea of this thesis.Chapter One is an overview about this phenomenon. According to the statistics, four stages are divided in the period of late Qing, and descriptions to them are made combining with the typical works and facts. Some important problems are put into the last chapter to discuss. From the angle of novel circulation, the publishing and printing organizations are commented. And the representative writers of marking "new" novels are introduced and compared.Chapter Two discusses the cause of this phenomenon. The cause is from the joint forces of a great deal of conditions, which are analyzed as follows. The prerequisite: slack and connivance of official policies; Social conditions:interactions of reality, Zeitgeist, social psychology and public opinions; Literature conditions:new style novels were born and prevailed; Literature traditions:sequels and replicas; Main factors:interactions of new style writers and readers group; Greatest impetus:market and media; Two promoting factors:new novel theories and criticisms and literary translations. The reason of this phenomenon seeing ebb and flow is then discussed. Some datum which are not suitable to appear in this part are put to the appendix (the same blow).Chapter Three is a transition from phenomenon research to novel research. First, the marking "new" novels are classified as broad sense, which means newspapers and magazines printing these novels, and narrow sense, which means the marking "new" novels. These kind of novels are investigated from different angles and given a reasonable way of classification for the further study. The Proviso discusses the marking problems of foreign novels.Chapter Four focuses on the topic of what is new about the marking "new" novels. Two most important categories of works are analyzed about their cognition values because they reflected the social life, thoughts, the mentality and living conditions of the intellectuals at that time, and the artistic characteristics of some works are commented.Chapter Five focuses on the translation works among the marking "new" novels. As their cognition values have been discussed in Chapter Four, this chapter centers on the artistic and cultural values of these works, giving an overall and objective interpretation on the writing motives and methods, artistic history, subjects and characters, cultural connotations and so on.The epilogue sums up several kinds of properties of marking "new" novels, describes their influences on the later works and the revelations to today's culture and literature.The Appendix shows the marking "new" works in the form of chronological lists, which make some supplements on the basis of the original lists. And the chronological lists of the marking "new" novels, sequels and replicas during the early years of Republic of China are attached for reference.