Changes Of Late Tang And Five Dynasties Monasticism Of Taoism

Taoism transforming from Tang to Song have a wealth of research results. But there are still some areas and issues that needed further development. This thesis try to study Ascetics outside Taoist Temple based the change of Church-State Relations and Monastic pattern in late Tang. I try to study the rising of new"Qi"method and the relation to Ascetics outside Taoist Temple in a particular perspective which is Taoist beliefs and practice of grassroots. It will provide a new interpretation thinking about Taoism transform for Tang to Song dynasty. Specifically, first, Tang religious policy, Taoist temple and Ascetics outside Temple. State religion, Standardization of Taoism in Early Tang were quite different from the past. This caused Secularization and arise of Ascetics outside Temple. Second, based on politic, social and cultural reformed, I demonstrated Taoism crisis after Yanhe period. And discussed the change of Taoism-State Relations. Third, the activity and thought of ascetics in late Tang. These groups became the leader of Monasticism of Taoism by using new Taoism-State Relations to expand their reputation. Through research of Taoist beliefs and practice of grassroots, get the Basic features of monasticism and affect from social and cultural background in late Tang. Fourth, Qi method rising in late Tang and relation to Ascetics outside Taosit. This thesis meticulous analyses the changing of Qi method which practiced and promoted by ascetics outside Taoist Temple. Then analyse the affect of the Double-Xuan school in early Tang to grassroots. The comprehension and practice of grassroots which affect by Elite theory also be studied. I demonstrated multiple methods of monasticism in late Tang Chang the old monastic method represented in Alchemy. And new Simplification immediate and Internalization monastic method was established in late Tang and Five Dynasties. This is the new proof of theory which claimed late Tang and Five Dynasties was the preparation of Inner Alchemy rising in middle Song dynasty.