What May I Hope?

"What may I hope?", This is one of the three basic problems which in the research program of Kant's philosophy, We can see that the hope problem is in an important and indispensable component of Kant's philosophical system. Kant said, the hope problem related to two major areas:" theory" and" practice",namely, the hope problem essentially is a "practice and theory" problem. And the philosophy of practice and philosophy of theory are the two big themes for Kant's philosophy, therefore, to deeply understand and combing the hope problem which between practice and theory, for grasping and understanding Kant's philosophical system and its spiritual home has very important theory meaning. More importantly, Kant's hope problem is spread out in his unique philosophical perspective, and this s fundamentally different from people talking about it in general:whether it is the premise of hope,"hope of concrete expansion and the pointing object, or methods to achieve hope,have principle distinction and its become an independent school. Kant answer the hope problem in unique way, give people a brand-new field of vision to understand the hope, look at its present and future, this has great inspiration and practical significance for human-"The limited being who has reason".In the first chapter of this paper will comb the complex background of Kant's hope problem, in order to explain Kant's hope problem, which has a long history and distinctive time mark, but also has deep theorical concern for the reality. On the decline of traditional metaphysics lost leading to the hope problem resolution, Moral-Happiness Paradox appears in the real world for long-term leading to the hope is impossible, Western Modern Enlightenment from full of hope to the hope "Dialectics", which brought down disappointment etc, these constitute a unique background of Kant's hoped problem.In the second chapter, will give a whole account and discuss of Kant 's hope problem--" what may I hope?" Here Involved the structure, properties and text cues which implicated in Kant's hope problem.First of all, for the structure, Kant's hope problem consists of three parts (the premise, pointing to the object and implementation of object), and the three components have" dominant-implicit" duality feature, accordingly, the three part of dominant-implicit" duality feature implies "dominant-implicit" dual structure in Kant's hope problem, the "dominant" structure of the hope problem--moral premise, happiness object and Realization of happiness;" implicit " structure--realization of morals, the moral orientation for happiness object (highest good), realization of highest good. This structure is the basic clue of Kant's hope problem. Secondly, make a localization for the nature of Kant's hope problem. On the basis of the analysis of the hope problem, which has the nature--" the unity of theory and practice ",but also to make a position for theory and practice, in which, the nature of practice has priority, and answer to the hope problem finally pointed to the theory of problem solving. Again, this chapter will show, the hope problem for Kant, is not only the rational interest problem, and anthropological problem, the complex nature of fusion, the hope problem becomes a multidimensional perspective problem, beyond the pure religion view which people generally positioned.Distinguish clearly basic problems of the hope problem:the background, structure and properties, the third, four and five chapter of the paper will specifically expand analysis on Kant's hope problem. The third chapter will analyze the "dominant" premise--moral,this is a basic premise for Kant to talk about the hope problem, and the moral premise gives the nature of freedom to the hope in Kant's horizon, which is different from the general people who talk about the hope problem. In which, will also involve the "dominant" object--happiness, happiness and moral are put together to make a comparative analysis and position. At the same time, will also analyze why the simple happiness as the hope object will eventually be impossible realized. The fourth chapter will analyze the" implicit " premise--how moral could realize. It is a hidden premise,which implicit in the " dominant" the premise, because, only moral is possible, the goal "all hope point to happiness" is the possibility of the realization. Here are mainly related to the nature of good and evil, and how people can achieve" remove the evil to the good ". The fifth chapter will analyze "implicit" object--highest good,and the problem of how to realize highest good. In Kant's view, the hope points to the real object, namely," implicit" object is the Moral-Happiness United--highest good, rather than the simple happiness. Therefore, the implementation of highest good, will become the eventually problem which Kant answered to the hope problem haved to solve. Here mainly involved the conditions which for realizing highest good:social and historical conditions, religious conditions.The sixth chapter mainly elaborates the positive effects by Kant's hope problem. One is the positive consequences of the theory:the freedom hope of Kant's view, realized human hope of enlightenment, at the same time, the moral theology caused by Kant's hope problem, the traditional religion has been change in a"humanity-oriented"way;second is the positive contemporary enlightenment:Kant understanded and positioned happiness in an unique way, this brings all sorts of useful insights to our strategic action of construction for happy society, happiness in the view of Kant's hope that is a rational perspective, which is deficiency or ignored in our country culture. in addition, Kant's unique view of the hope,which with morality and freedom as the core, it can provide valuable ideological resources for people to resist the nihilism which is flooding in today.