| This dissertation offers a systematical study of the relationship of Britain and Xinjiang of China from 1840 to 1911.The introduction elaborates the origin ,stages and characteristics of the relationship of modem Britain and China's Xinjiang .It introduces and comments the materials used in the paper and the present researches. It also highlights the significance of the study both in science and reality.Chapter one outlines the early relationship of Britain and Xinjiang of China. First, it nutshells William Moorcroft's activities in Ladakh in early 1820s and his influences upon the Britain's policies to Xinjiang about 50 years later. Then it recounts the British opium trade to Xinjiang through the kingdoms around the southern Xinjiang and the manoeuvre of prohibiting opium in Xinjiang . Second, it narrated the British India's expansion process toward the north in Indian subcontinent and the basis to for Britain to directly communicate with Xinjiang after its nabouring Xinjiang. Third, this chapter traces the evolution of British communicative policy to Xinjiang after analysing the situation and British trade expansion.Chapter two discussed the nature of Yakoob's puppet regime and the cause of his establishing relationship with Britain. It thinks that British policy to Yakoob is to help him to found an independent kingdom which is going to be a buffer-state between British India and Russia. It describes the evolution of British relationship with Yakoob. It also focuses on the British trade with Yakoob, which, besides the trade aim itself,serves as the means for Britain to cultivate the relationship with Yakoob, too.Chapter three studies British mediation between China and Russia in the Yili Crisis, thinking that the cause of British mediation lies not only in the its political and trade in China, but also in the security of British India. After recounting N.Elias' three visits to Xinjiang , this chapter analysis the British policy to Xinjiang in 1880s, which aims both to continue the privileges getting from Yakoob and to withstand Russian influence in southern Xinjiang .Chapter four profiles Britain, after failing to achieve agreement on Xinjiang with China in 1980s through diplomatic means , accredits Macartney at Kashgar when the rivalry of Britain and Russia in the Pamir Crisis in the beginning of 1890s turns white-hot. With, 18-year stay in Xinjiang , Macartney not only makes out British policy to Xinjiang in this period ,but also carrys it out and forms British influence in Xinjiang, namely, establishing British denizen society in Xinjiang , making BritishIndia-Xinjiang trade stable ,obtaining many privileges for Britain and setting up British consulate general at Kashgar.Chapter five researches the British India-Xinjiang trade from 1880 to 191 I.It first describes the general situation of the trade in 1880s as well as at the beginning of the 1890s, then talks about the measures taken by Britain to improve the trade. This chapter also analysis the Russian elements in British India-Xinjiang trade and reaches a conclusion that the complementation of British and Russian goods to Xinjiang make the British India-Xinjiang trade exist stablely.Chapter six relates the British exploration in Xinjiang from 1880-1911, which marks a peak of British geographical exploration as well as a change from geographical exploration to archeological exploration. It focuses on Aurel Stein's two visits and his robbery of cultural relics in Xinjiang. This chapter still makes comments on all the British explorers in Xinjiang, thinking that all these exploring activities ,viewing from their backgrounds, aims, processes and fruits, are aggressions upon China. But we should discriminate the materials collected by them and the research fruits achieved later by the experts concerned.Chapter seven studys the relationship between Britain and the boundary of northwestern China. After analysing the division of Pamir by Britain and Russia, Britain's invasion of Kanjut which is China's dependency and Britain's unscrupulou...
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