Yongzhou Southern Dialect Speech

This paper discusses the synchronic features and the diachronic evolution of the local dialect in the south of Yongzhou based on the data investigated by the author and related publications. It covers six chapters, and the further discussion is extra.Chapter One is the introduction.The introduction first gives a description of the general conditions about Yongzhou, then introduces the language situation and the distribution of local dialect in south of Yongzhou, at last, illustrates the research background about this paper, including research object, research data, research purpose, research method, etc.Chapter Two mainly discusses the pronunciation forms and developping progress of voiced initial (浊声母) ,Bang-mu and Duan-mu (帮端母) , Jing-zu (精组) ,Zhi-xi (知系), Jian-Tuan(尖团)Voiced initials (浊声母 ) become voiceless wholly and develop into different forms according to different conditions. Bang-mu and Duan-mu (帮端母) have some special pronounciation forms such as nasal [m] [n], lateral [1], implosive stop [?d], affricate [ts] [tc] and so on. Jing-zu (精组 ) has two kinds of pronounciation forms, one is affricate [ts] [tc], the other is stop[t], in spite of different forms of expression, the phenomenon that Jing-zu (精组) reads stop belongs to a new shift,not an old one. Zhi-zu (知组), Zhuang-zu (庄组) and Zhang-zu (章组) share some common characters together, for example.reading affricate [ts] before Hongyin rhyeme (洪音韵母:),. reading affricate [to]before Xiyin rhyeme (细音韵母) , and reading stop [t] under given conditions, but at the same time, they also have some distinctions. Jian-Tuan (尖团) is opposite to a certain degree, concretely speaking, their opposition lies in five aspects as follows: [ts/tc-k/c] [ts/tp-t] [ts-tc] [tc-t] [t-k/tc], if Jian-Tuan (尖团) has no distinction, they either read[tc], or[ts].Chapter Three mainly discusses the pronunciation forms and developping progress of Yu-yun and Yu-yun (鱼韵) ,Zhi-she (止摄) , Xian-she and Shan-she (咸山摄) ,Yang-sheng yun (阳声韵) ,Ru-shengyun (入声韵) .Yu-yun and Yu-yun (鱼韵) have some special pronunciation forms respectively, and they even opposite to each other at some locations. Kaikou Sandeng of Zhi-she (止摄) displays four types of distinction till now, each of them maybe reflect some ancient phenomenon in the past. Both Xian-she and Shan-she (咸山摄) have various pronounciation forms, so, the distinction between Yideng rhyme and Erdeng rhyme, Sandeng rhyme and Sideng rhyme are very complicated, as well as the distinction between Chongyun (重韵) . Yang-sheng yun (阳声韵) develops into pure vowel rhyme or nasalised rhyme with its nasal ending going weak, besides, nasal ending [m] [n] [rj]are remained to a certain degree, and the form [m] is a new shift, not herit from ancient time. Ru-sheng yun (入声韵)) develops into pure vowel rhyme on the whole with its stop ending losing generally, there is few location is ended by implosive ending [?] to this day, andsome locations are ended with nasal ending under given conditions.Chapter Four focuses on the evolution of tone.Firstly, there are two kinds of prominent shift happened to Ping-sheng (平声 ), one is the tone number of voice is equal to voiceless, the other is the tone number of aspirate is not equal to the non-aspirate. Secondly, Zhuo-shang (浊上) shows various evolution modes, and some of which represent different nature. Thirdly, three problems are spread out in view of Qu-sheng (去声 ) : the tone number of voice is equal to voiceless, Zhuo-qu (浊声) merge into Yin-ping (阴声), the tone of "去" in Xintian. In the end, say something about Ru-sheng. Qingru(清入) A)remains an individual toneme at some locations, while Zhuoru (浊入) has merged into other toneme fundarmentally. When Ru-sheng (入声) merge into other toneme, the common scheme is Qingru(清入) merge into Yin-qu (阴去) , Zhuoru (浊入) merge into Yangqu (阳去) . Chapter Five tries to classify the local dialect in the south of Yongzhou.Based on the items selected from phonic.lexical and grammatical angle respectively, the local dia...