On Ultimate Care

The first chapter explained the principle of Ultimate Care and its human natural foundation. 1, Ultimate Care is a natural tendency of "reasoned creature". "Reason"is the ultimate cause of Ultimate Care and "care"is a kind of inherent tendency action of heart. The aim it points at is "unlimitation"or "indefiniteness". The indefinite aim is called "ultimate". 2, the human nature foundation of Ultimate Care. Human exists in a state of "having no alternative"from which Ultimate Care was originated. As was said by Heidergger: human exists in a state of "being discarded by "the ultimate". So, "the ultimate"must be cared. 3, there are three kinds of Ultimate Care. The first kind is the Ultimate Care under the "natural attitude". The second kind is the Ultimate Care under the "theoretical attitude". The third kind is the Ultimate Care under the "practical attitude". 4, on the principle of Ultimate Care. (1) The timeliness prerequisite for Ultimate Care. Every kind of Ultimate Care was based on the timeliness. (2) The logical prerequisite for Ultimate Care is the division of "ego". It is the division of the identity of ego that makes Ultimate Care possible. The second chapter analyzed the value of Ultimate Care seen from the political philosophy. Among the three types of Ultimate Care, the "political philosophy"was chosen as a horizon to understand the value of Ultimate Care because the Ultimate Care under the practical attitude is the highest stage and "the political philosophy"is the higher stage of the Ultimate Care under the practical attitude. 1, the highest goal of the political Ultimate Care is "political liberty"and "justice". 2, the political Ultimate Care can only be realized by "Social Contract". Its real implication is that everyone should put himself and his power under the highest guidance of the public will and everyone is an indivisible member of the community. So, the political Ultimate Care could be realized by "Social Contract". 3, the absolute value of the political Ultimate Care seen from its being destroyed by Monarchy. 4, Luoers illustrated the political value of the political Ultimate Care by criticizing the utilitarianism. He believed that the utilitarianism forgot the transcendental essence of human being because according to the principle of the action, the utilitarianism did not regard "the Justice Idea"as the first important political aim. So, it is obviously that the utilitarianism negated Ultimate Care. The third chapter expounded modernity and the dilemma exists in Ultimate Care. 1, the defect of the thinking mode of modern metaphysics. Since modernity, people are thinking and living with self-confidence in the envelopment of metaphysics, which was believed unbreakable, right and proper. Metaphysics is the "ultimate"of all the conscious actions and is the supporter that takes effect in-itself at the back. In fact, human was doomed to go toward the prisoner's cage of the metaphysics when he was understood as "reasoned animal". 2, the modern Moral Outlook and its problems. (1) The indefiniteness of the moral principle. (2) The failure of the modern "ethic code". What was constructed by modernity is an "ethic world"under a reasoned rule. However, the problem is that the truth and the ethic rule provided by modernity was believed very reliable are shaking now. 3, the alienation and "disaster"of the modern Ultimate Care. In the political life, reason should be the advantage owned by human and leading human society to go toward some happy goal. But things go contrary to human's wishes. Some people always suffer setbacks in the historical social movement and were lead into "disaster". The reason of such a situation is "alienation of Ultimate Care". In the forth chapter, Marx's philosophy and the historical turning of Ultimate Care was explained. 1, "the historical determinism", as a kind oftheory about Ultimate Care, believed that human could conceive of a happy blueprint for the society with the power of reason and realized it in practice. The grand theory of social development constructed by Marx was understood as "the historical determinism". 2, "Community"should be the historical Ultimate Care of Marx. Seen from Marx's philosophy, his Ultimate Care was expressed mainly in the theory of "Alienation". The "ultimate"of Marx is "liberty", namely, "community". 3, Ultimate Care realized by Marx has double senses. (1) According to the inner logic of Marx's philosophy, it realized a historical turning from "demonstrating"Ultimate Care to "practicing"it. (2) According to the logic between modern and postmodern philosophy, it realized a turning from the Ultimate Care of "monism"to that of "pluralism". The fifth chapter explained the postmodern ideology and diversification of Ultimate Care. 1, the postmodern mode of thinking. It was expressed in the criticizing to the metaphysics. The traditional metaphysics is the conscious theory of Ultimate Care. So, what was refuted by postmodern is the conscious theory of Ultimate Care. The first impression brought by such a postmodern mode of thinking is that nothing is definite. 2, "the Gebaine revolutionary happened to the postmodern Ultimate Care. In the time of metaphysics, there is a thinking mode of essentialism: finding a "reason"or a "principle"in advance and acting according to it. In fact, modernity goes toward "the ultimate"with reason consciously, and in the contrary, the postmodern is "using"Ultimate Care directly in an unconscious way. "The Gebaine Revolutionary"showed that Ultimate Care has retired from the metaphysics world imagined in front of the thinking and action into an original background against which is individual action magnificence. In another word, (1) Ultimate Care turned from the theoretical world into a experience world. (2) A turning from "speculating"Ultimate Care into "using"it directly was realized. 3, the implication of the diversification of postmodern Ultimate Care. The diversification of Ultimate Care means that such a situation must be broken...