Cognitive Research On Expertise Development Of Psychological Counseling

What is the developmental process of becoming an expert? Is the road to expertise straight and smooth or zigzag and fluctuating?In order to anwser these questions, my dissertation reviews some conclusions about the nature of expertise. I examine the difference of knowedge organization between expert and novice and its influence on the strategies of problem solving, including expertise and knowledge organization, expertise and problem solving. Then I try to break through existing research limitations, that is, not only compare the difference between expert and novice, but choose more expertise levels to examine the characteristics of different developmental stages.In the survey part at the very beginning, I summarize all the existing descriptions of the characteristic of expertise and the theories and models of expertise developmental stages, then examine the intermediate effect of memory and knowledge organization and the characteristic of expert's knowledg representation, and develop a hypothesis of non-linear and non-uniform expertise development. Then the research on non-linear development of the ability of problem solving in medicine and expertise in decision making are examined, and some schemes for empirical research are proposed.In order to describe the expertise developmental trajectory of psychological counselor, I conducts two parts of empirical research. In the knowledge organization research, three experiments focus on describing the different characteristics of the counselors of different expetise levels. Firstly, experiment 1 gets the results that the intermediate can recall more information than novice and expert, which demonstrates the intermediate effect of knowledge organization of psychological counselors. Secondly, experiment 2 finds that experts response to encapsulated information more accurately and quickly, which demonstates that the knowledge encapsulation theory can explain expert's knowedge organization. Lastly, experiment 3 explicates the conclusions of the above two experiments, the finding is that expert' concept maps have less concepts and the relationship among the concepts is more complicated.As for the part of diagnostic reasoning and decision making cognition, experiment 4 uses think-aloud method to examine how the cognitive process of diagnostic reasoning and decision making of psychological counselors fluctuate in the process of expertise development. The finding is that the knowledge organization of...