The Study Of Wu Jin Recluse-Zhang Shangying

The collation and studies on the literatures of Sung dynasty have formed hot spot step by step. The study of some period consists of diverse fields including the integrate study and the individual study: the former must rely on the latter, thus the synthetic judges will avoid those subjective guesses. At the same time, the individual study must be located into the whole social, historical and cultural background. According to the principle from individual to general, the individual study can see through some regularity which possesses historical value only if the individual study is scientific and objective.Zhang Shangying wasn't a turning-point as a statesman in Northern Sung political situation, but he blazed with his intriguing features: he followed the XiFeng reformist politics in his earlier period, then officiated the revolutionized government with the official position of premier, his political affection was the characteristic of new party; he was patriotic but he didn't greedy of the official position; his candidness caused him too much attacks by the clique of old party. At the same time, the inner circle of new party had some contradiction with Zhang Shangying and always excluded him. Zhang Shangying was nurtured by traditional Confucianism and couldn't deserted the identity of literati and officialdom to his dying day, but he studied Taoism in his earlier period and studied Buddhism in his middle life, his level in Zen was profound relatively when he had accepted the accreditation by Donglin-Changzong charm master who was a respected master of Huanglong group. In the middle-latter period of Northern Sung, Zhang Shangying became the most contributory defenseman of Buddhism as a recluse after he took rank as Buddhist...