"ceremony Of Governance Left To Aid The Ancient World" - Qing Dynasty Yizheng Liu Zuo Zhuan "home Study,

This thesis, designed to take as its focus the study of Zuozhuan by the Lius'at Yizheng county in Qing dynasty, aims to find out some rules in the scholars'academic development and thoughts. The research has ushered in the discovery that the Lius'experienced a transition from studying Zuo by Li to dealing with the state affairs by classicality. As such, the thesis is to concentrate on the above-mentioned transition, analyzing its performances and the reasons, and the conclusion is that Liu Wenqi set up the base of the family learning while Liu Shi-Pei exploited the knowledge to deal the state affairs, which is indeed in accordance with the Chinese tradition of dealing with the state affairs by classicality.The thesis is composed of five parts. Introduction is to summarize the research status quo on the Lius', examine the questions concerned, argue the reasons for the present project and its significance, and illustrate the employed approaches and the structure of the thesis. The first chapter, The pedigree of the Lius', reviews the scholarship of each member in the family, analyzing the change and the development in four generations.Liu Wenqi ,who, following the tradition of simple and plain learning in Qian-jia times, created the scholarship of Zuozhuan, to which the family devoted for four generations. His son, Liu Yu-song, was a master of history and the exponents of the various schools of thought in pre-Qin times, and flexible notion as well. Liu Shouzeng, the third generation, tried hard to accomplish the works of the family by insisting on the Qian-jia methodology. Liu Shi-pei, who was very clever, studied Zuozhuan while discussing the state affairs, lacked no modern consciousness. The thesis analyses the social settings, discusses the elements contributed to the Lius'scholarship, including the regional circumstance, communion between the scholars, and the means of making a living. Based on a systematic research of the works by the Lius', we can make out that the Lius'are skillful in Zuozhuan and Li(the scholar of ceremony).And this chapter will end with a summery of characteristics in each of the Lius'.The second chapter, which focuses on the specific book Commentating the old commentary of Zuozhuan, including the compilation course, the style, the writer and his characteristic, the range of thought, the gains and losses. This part makes out the inaccuracy in mistaking Liu Wenqi for the only writer of the book, pointing out each member of four generations having made his contribution: Liu Wenqi set the base of the book, Liu Yusong studying flexibly, Liu Shouzeng insisting on the tradition, and Liu Shi-pei summing up the accomplishment.The third chapter focuses the specific person, analyzing how Liu Shi-pei finished his characteristic transformation from the tradition to the mordern. His thoughts were varied and various, but his fervency for the classicality had never been changed. His transformation is by nature a matter of dealing with the state affairs by classicality. With Zuozhuan's facing challenges in Qing dynasty being the background, this part is explore the motives for Liu Shi-pei to study Zuozhuan hard and his great achievements: he not only cleaned up the history of studying Zuozhuan and reasoned the validity of Zuozhuan as sutra, but also by drawing on the methods frequently used by Jinwen scholars, set up the reference frame for the study of Zuozhuan. He tried to whip together the divarication exiting in the traditional scholarship, but his efforts turned out to be vain when the modern academic concepts and subjects were constructed.The forth chapter analyzes the Lius'significance and the destiny in modern times, summarizing the growth rules of scholarship in Qing dynasty. Taking the Lius'as the example, this part analyzes the methods oriented for the study of the classicality. Based on The Research on Five Classicalities Old Commentations, a project finished by the Lius'while studying Zuozhuan, this part sums up the methods, tidies up the reasons and the growth of the Lius'studying Zuozhuan. In the late Qing dynasty, studying classicality has been transformed from dealing with the state affairs by classicality to improving the moral character by academic specialization. Many scholars tried to get back the original classicalities in Qing dynasty, but it was impossible to be practical and realistic by classicalities.Four appendixes are attached at the end of the thesis: the table of the pedigree of the Lius', a simple scholarship pedigree of the Lius', the form of the Lius'friends, and four letters by Liu Wenqi.This thesis, with the ultimate purpose to discover the growth of scholarship by the case study, is not only a research of the literature concerned, but also that of the thoughts. This thesis, combined the research on the special book and that on the specific person, makes use of methods such as the documentary research, statistics and the tables, so that the argumentation will be concise and persuasive and the theory will be credible and creative.