Ghostwriter Painter Wen Zhengming Style-based Fake Artist To See The Overview Of The Art Market In The 16th Century Suzhou

The Chinese painting and calligraphy Arts became commercialized started in the middle of Ming Dynasty, especially in Suzhou area. Which related to the vigorous development of economics in Suzhou. However, the commercialized Arts and the rising trend of collections had put the market in a predicament of which the supply unable to meet the demand. That caused a consequential trend of "ghost writer/ dai-bi" and the fake works. And of course this caused an overabundant result of forgery in the Arts market.Take Wen Zhengming as an example, he used ghost writers for his paintings and there were some painters were renowned not only in their own names but also in imitating Wen's painting, during the same period of time of Wen to 50 years (or more) after Wen's death. How were these painters known as "dai-bi" and fake paintings in "Wen's style", rising from the Arts market of Suzhou area? And in what module they worked in Suzhou's painting profession? These questions caused the launches of this dissertation.Four "Wen School" scholars in the same or later time with Wen Zhengming were chosen as examples in this article, which were Zhu Lang, Ju Jie, Lu Shiren, and Ho Maogong. Based on the verified literature, I drew the outline of the lives and approximate period of time of these "dai-bi". Furthermore, to differentiate the Style of these four painters through the historical records and existing Art works; to compare with Wen Zhengming's existing works and clarified the difference between them, in order to find out the "Wen Zhengming" work from "dai-bi". At last, through the cases of these four painters, the diversification and operations of the Suzhou Arts Market of the 16^th century, and the Literati's resistance and acceptance in face of the Arts commodification have also been discussed in this dissertation.