Study On Guiyang Tuhua Grammar

Through making thorough investigations in the country andgaining wealthy firsthand materials; by using the methods ofsynchronic description and diachronic exploration, and thecomprehensive-comparative method of Putonghua, dialect and oldChinese; according to different needs, the basic features ofXiangnan (south of Hunan province) Guiyang(a name of a county)Tuhua (local dialect) Grammar subsystem was described in thisessay from the aspects of morphology formation, syntacticanalysis, semantic expression, phonetic influence, languagecontact and so on. And then some regulations were discoveredand concluded. Furthermore this essay provides new typicalmaterials for comparative studies in Chinese dialects, forsetting up modern Chinese universal grammar and for Chinesehistory. It also provides evidences for the affiliation problemof Xiangnan Tuhua. It composes of 9 chapters.The first chapter is the introduction. It introducedbriefly the cultural activities and geography of Guiyang, thebrief account of the dialect, Xiangnan Tuhua grammar studyingsituation, the brief account of Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua phoneticsand the studying contents, methods and meaning of this essay.The second chapter mainly discussed the pronouns system ofGuiyang Liuhe Tuhua. It described the distribution and theusage of personal pronouns, interrogative pronouns, anddemonstrative pronouns. And by comparing with the pronouns ofother around Tuhua and of the extant Tuhua materials, it showsthe particularities of Liuhe Tuhua pronouns.The 3rd chapter described the common classifiers of LiuheTuhua and the collocation of classifiers and nouns. It showedthat as many southern dialects, Liuhe Tuhua classifiers can beused as demonstrative words and structural auxiliary words, andfrom demonstrative words to structural auxiliary words, therewas a course of grammarize. It also analyzed the overlappingphenomenon of the classifiers " A*shi A" and the special word order of"一碗大饭"and"一碗细饭".In Chapter 4, by comparing with Putonghua prepositions,Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua prepositions system was discussed, and suchprepositions as"搭,*弯,*弯志",which posses dialectspecialty, were analyzed.In Chapter 5, Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua modal particles weredescribed one by one. It pointed that what role they play,provide the sentences with modal words at their ends or addextra feelings, if they add extra feelings, what feeling it is.Furthermore by comparing with Putonghua it summed up thefeatures of the modal particles.In Chapter 6, Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua adverbs were described,and the negative adverbs such as"唔,唔曾,莫"were gaveemphasis analysis.In Chapter 7, Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua grammar symbols weredescribed dynamically and statically, and the differences ofthe perfect aspects symbols"唻"and"□ti"were studied.In Chapter 8, Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua interrogativesentences were described and analyzed according to the category.It gave emphasis to discussing "Yes or No" question patternsand analyzed the special change forms of"S+曾t(?)'(?)"and"S+曾t(?)'(?)".In Chapter 9, some interesting features were discussed,such as inserting word"细"in a verb-object structure,overlapping predicate phrases and so on. Some special syntacticstructures such as"V人","一个哒冇一个","好话得好嘞"and so on were showed as examples.At last, this essay summed up the main features of GuiyangLiuhe Tuhua grammar. We believe that there are many grammardifferences between Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua and Putonghua, not afew of which were handed down directly from old Chinese. Itshares some same grammar phenomena with other Tuhua, Gangyu andXiangyu, and is also different from them. And that shows theparticularities of Guiyang Liuhe Tuhua.