The Theory Of Axial Line And Analysis And Review On Two Ways Of Modernization According To The Theory

The theory of axial line, as a method to interpret Marxist historical materialism, can resolve creatively many philosophical posers. Through it, we can find a new way to explain a significant problem that analogizes which one is superior between the way of capitalist modernization and the way of socialist modernization.If the historical process is abstracted a curved line that we can describe concretely, the curved line is spiraled up. How to orientate it? When we arrange serially all pieces of ideal social state according to time order, the historical process would progress like a straight line, which is the axial line. The practical trace of historical process show us a curved line which moves around the axial line to spiral up. We can solve many philosophical problems according to the theory.The first. How to engender the historical law since the history is promoted by people' active role with indefinite attribute? In the society, people's free selection is restricted to a great extent by rational purpose. If the usefulness that people pursue identical purposes is similar, people's selection will incline to identical under the drive of the motive that people try their best to bring about the best state. It must show the definitude attribute of people's active role. When we view it from the society, only the biggest of the entire interests in the society, the private interests can be contented as far as possible. But the society is a system. When all facets of society have brought about or bring about as far as possible the ideal condition, the limitation of the people's interests would be reached. It is the definitude attribute of people's active role that results in there is a power vector in the society which promotes people to pursue the ideal condition every time when the history progresses. This power vector and productive force cause the trace of historical process to spiral up around the axial line. The historical law will show during this process.The second. How doesn't the theory of possibility space stand on the foundation of subjective hypothesis? In subjective philosophy, a possibility space is presumed to lie in order to interpret that the historical process is dialectical unity between subjective selectivity and objective regularity. The theory's base isn't reliable. On the axial line, the historical trace moves by the power vector and the productive force. Under their promotion, there is a possibility space when the historical trace waves indefinitely. In a word, the possibility space is a way to describe the scope of which the indefinite of people's active role waves under the definite of people's active role. It proves there is a range of variance when the historical trace moves around the axial line to spiral up.The third. Is it antagonistic or accordable between the single-linear theory about the historical process and multi-linear theory about the historical process? In academic circles, obvious is the divergence among the single-linear theory, the multi-linear theory and the monistic multi-linear theory. On the axial line, I believe according to visual angle, the progress of historical trace embodies two attributes of single-line and multi-line. If we view the historical process from a country history, it is a multi-linear way under the specific historical law. If we view the historical process from the whole world history, it is a single-linear way under the universal historical law.The forth. Can people forecast the historical development? There is different view about it. The historical law with which we forecast the historical development lies in the repeatability of development. It is graduated increase. There are two types about the historical forecast, which are qualitative forecast and quantitative forecast. The qualitative forecast puts into practice on the base of the historical law. We can only obtain principle effect from it. The quantitative forecast follows the difference of the subjective and objective condition to be transformed from essentiality to concretion. In this process, the more the condition is, the more the accurate of the forecast is.The fifth. Why is there antagonistic when we value the history with the historical measure and the value measure? The effect that accords with the historical measure is contrary to the effect of the value measure. The cause is that the criterion of measure is different results in that the objects valued are dislocated. If we use the power system and the value system, the problem won't arise. In the economic system, people pay attention to how to produce and to enjoy the wealth. The power system underlines how to produce and the value system stresses how to distribute. Two systems embody the main vein of historical development. We interpret their relativity of functional tendency and conditioned tendency with them to value the history. We can explain rationally many divergences to interpret the Marxist views about Primitive Commune, Slave Society, Capitalism and all so with two systems.By the theory of the axial line, we explain not only the historical process but also the significant problem which one is superior between the way of capitalist modernization and the way of socialist modernization with the measure of two systems.In the theory of the axial line, two types of modernization show three concrete ways. Even though capitalist modernization fell into quagmire, it succeeded in escaping and holding. On the axial line, it draws a curved line from far to near. Traditional socialist modernization with the character of the Soviet Union Mode had a brilliant time, but gradually fell into difficult position. The end was the Violent Changes of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. On the axial line, it draws a curved line from near to far. Traditional socialist modernization in China fell into difficult position, too. However, by the reform of Chinese specificity, Chinese people find a way of modernization with Chinese specificity. On the axial line, it draws a curved line from near to far and then from far to near.In capitalist society, the main driving force of the power system is to pursue the biggest private interests. The value system is formed in order to cater to the power system. In the private ownership, two systems are contradictious for workers who don't possess the productive material because they don't obtain entirely what they produce. On the contrary, their salary is the element of which capitalists pay cost. It's a rational law that the more workers produce and the less they are paid. In a result, it causes the problem that the value system is lack and is unbalance with the power system. Economic crisis must become for social purchasing power falls behind commodity production. During the history of capitalism, its modernization progresses not only by ruthless exploit but also by productive power's waste. It's inevitable that it fell into difficult position. However, Capitalism has to reform concrete institutions and adjust policies now and then for economic crisis. There is an objective effect that the value system's lack is gradually remedied and the productive power's space is enlarged. Because it implemented unilaterally social welfare system, it met with stagflation in 1980s. What's the cause? In the private ownership, two systems in productive circle are antagonistic since workers work not for themselves but for capitalists. The main income of welfare is to redistribute in the distributive circle, which results in workers would feel that the work's effectiveness down when the average degree in distribution arises. As a result, the power system runs insufficiently and the stagflation happens. The enlightenment is that two systems keep balance by movement in the market and not to keep lasting balance. So is capitalism. In the Soviet Union Mode, the power system is instituted according to the value system. The run of the power system must cater to the need of the value system but not to submit to objective law. However, the value system bases on the concrete socialist characters but not the fundamental socialist value. Political tasks must interfere the power system to run by the value system. It causes not only to be foolhardy but also to decrease power progressively in the power system. In the Soviet Union Mode, the power system runs by a transformer that is workers' consciousness. The transformer enlarges the space of private interests. That is said, private interests bases on long-term and collective interests (even the whole nation interests) meanwhile the enhancement of workers' consciousness relays on it. The socialist countries with the Soviet Union Mode give the priority to the development of heavy industries. People's private interests can't be satisfied directly for a long period, which will discourage workers' enthusiasm and decrease power progressively. However, what is the reason that during the reformation, the Soviet Union collapsed but China succeeded?The starting point during the gradual reformation in China is to resolve the problem of productive force's insufficiency that is a main defect of the Soviet Union Mode. During the gradual reformation, China flees from and insists on the socialist frame. When it adjusts and establishes the power system in order to underline the economic development, China isn't tied up by the dogmatic socialist theory. But during the construction of new value system, China persists in two rules: one is socialist fundamental property and fundamental value rules. The other is the value rule of power strong tendency. China insists on the way of socialism. In a result, through the reformation, China has found a way of modernization with Chinese character. The reformation in the Soviet Union went to two extremes: in the early period, the reformation was restricted to the traditional theory of socialism, and in the late period, it violated the basic rules of socialism to transform into private ownership. It was inevitable that the reformation failed.After the Violent Changes of Soviet-Eastern Europe, it is still that two ways of modernization compete each other. In the market economy, it 's a great problem to establish the new value system with socialist value rules. But it is to solve the problem that shows socialist superiority for it tries its best to avoid the crisis that capitalist market economy happens now and then. Its base of theory is the thinking to establish socialist harmonious society. The historical experience has proved that a mode of modernization isn't established once and for all. Historical law runs by people's active role for the whole historical process is promoted by people's active role. The socialist superiority doesn't naturally show when Socialism has the basic characters of socialism. It must need us to put our subject role into practice. A country history or a national history progresses under a specific historical law. A universal historical law only guides in principle a historical process. A modernization's way with Chinese characters is found because we make the universal historical law combine with Chinese practice successfully. It proves Marxist theory with Chinese characters is truth.