The Literary Theory Speakers' Identity Of China In The New Era

If we inspect the literary theory of China carefully, we can discover this kind of phenomenon easily: they are always relatde to the speakers' identity, but is not belong to the pure knowledge discourse question. Then, who are speakers of the literary theory of the new era, how they speaking and why speak so? Their speaking is voluntary and autonomy, or contrlled by the authority, the capital, the medium and so on? The paper explain literary theory speakers' identity of the new era from the four aspects of the political, the economical, the medium and the cultural .The paper is divided into six chapters .The introduction part make an explanation to the significance and origin of the paper, then summary the general research situation , at last, introduce the basic train of thinking and the research means of the paper. The topic is a quite novel question, is also a real existence question. the paper may provide a new angle of view to study the literary theory of the new era, widen the research depth and the breadth , promote the literary theory discipline development.The first chapter discusses the literary theory speakers' identity connotation and their construction course of the new era. The main part is the humanities intellectual of the literary theory speakers' identity of the new era . From the aespect of the common tense, the intellectual has the community responsibility consciousness and the society critical spirit, and the humanities intellectual has more humanism spirit, think highly of realization of the humanities value, and like paying great attention to realistic society by the way of humane concern. From the aespect of the process, the literary theory speakers' identity of the new era go through three stages : the enlightenmenter's awaking stage in the 80s, the elite's resolution stage in the 80s, and toward the citizen in the 21^st. In the 80s , the enlightenment intellectuals continued the the Chinese tradition intellectual's identity model :"the legislator" and "the enlightenmenter" , provided the ideology foundation for the national reform practice. But they also lackde the essential psychology preparation for the Chinese modernization path's complexity. Therefore, when the society begin to comprehensive reforming in the 90s, the science and technology intellectuals began to substitute for the humanities intellectuals and occupied the social center place. Because the secularization tide's surging and the humanities intellectuals' charm eliminating, the humanities intellectuals' discourse power lost. The enlightenmenter 's identity to be sent into exile, the elite consciousness starts to dissapear, and the humanities intellectuals begin to differentiation and the marginalization suddenly. After experiencing the rises and falls suddenly in the 80s and the 90s, the literary theory speakers begin to change the identity of enlightment elite . They incline to become the interpreter and the citizen from the legislator and the elite.The second chapter discusses the literary theory speakers 'political identity of the new era . In the early days of the reform and open of china, the enlightenment intellectuals swept off the barrier and the surplus poison as representative of the reform and open policy of china and created a good political atmosphere for the mainstream ideology discourse. The behavior manifested the relation of cooperation between of the enlightenment intellectuals and the political power. On the one hand, the discussion about human nature, humanitarianism and the disassimilation question of discourse opposes and criticizes the ultra-left political thinking of the Great Cultural Revolution and adapt the discourse to the mainstream ideology of the reform and open policy; on the other hand ,they also have contradictory with the the mainstream ideology and repelled by the authoritative political discourse. The condition displays the complex relations between of literature theoretician and the political power discourse. Generally speaking, however, the new enlightenment literary theory speakers' political identity of representative of the reform and open policy of china decided by political record condition at that time and not by themselves to a great extent. Meanwhile, a series of events such as "subjectivity literary theory ", "esthetic reflection theory" and literature research's turning toward internal and so on are the literary theory speakers' effort which takes great pains for establishes their independent identity. They also try to separate from politicization literature theory ,establish literature research 's independency and reconstruction academic discourse power. Actually, there is close connection between of the literature and the politics. Both of them will harmonious developmen if they keep the suitable tension between of them. Therefore, on the one hand, literature theoretician should avoid "the symptoms of political crazy", on the other hand, they must prevent "the symptoms of political indifference". The literary theory speakers should take part in and examine carefully politics by the way of rationality as the knowledge citizen. Then literary theory obtain the intrinsic power of development, and the literary theory speakers also get a feasible means to join the center society by the way of standing in the edge standpoint.The third chapter discusses the literary theory speakers 'identity of the new era under the market economy context. when the society begin to comprehensive reforming in the 90s, the market economy and the consumption society's arrival become unmodifiable fact, under this condition, under this condition, the literature space not noly has the development but also has the variation. The mass culture emerges, the elite culture declines, the humanities intellectual begin to secularization turning, cultural capital's vicissitude causes the science and technology intellectuals obstain the discourse power. The literary theory speakers 'identity in the market economy comtext has mainly two kinds of tendency: the liberalism tendency pays great attention individual authority and the freedom, the new left tendency care of equal and is fair. Literature theoreticians have different opinions to the consumption society's arrival, some scholars critique the phenomenas such as the commercialization, curries favor with the world as the critic, the desire and so on, some scholars worry about the cultural aggression tendency in the Western consumption culture, some scholars approve the consumption society and consumption culture's arrival as the interpreter. No matter what standpoint they keep, the literary theory speakers should have the context consciousness and the humanities value's idea when they construct their identity in the consumption society. Different from the consumption society in the Western developed country, consumption society in China present a mixture and complex condition of pre-modern, modern and postmodern. The aggravating that the shortage of resources and the differentiation between of the rich and the poor reminds that the literature theoreticians should have the enough rationality and the social responsibilities when they construct own identity. The arrival of the market economy and the consumption time causes the literary theory speakers marginalization gradually, they are also breaking free from the tradition model of the elite identity, move toward the multiplex identity. The market economy is not the perfect system, the social's development also not only decided by the economic. The literary researcher should think highly of the humanities concern, pay attention to all kinds of contradiction and the question in our society with critique and rational judgment, and it is a feasible access that the literary theory speakers obtain social and populace's attention and can enter into the social center by the way of standing in the edge standpoint.The forth chapter discusses the literary theory speakers' identity under the medium context. This chapter explain several kinds of representative medium identity theory firstly. In today's medium time, the literature discourse' image transformation is inevitable tendency. Meanwhile, the transformation also facilitate the fission in the literature field. If we reconstruction literature field in the medium time, we should regarded the literature field as a open field. The literature research inclines to the medium, it is not replace the literature research with the medium research, but study the influence and the consequence created by the development and the change of the medium research so that the literary theory serves for the literary development. The medium already became the authority discourse in the modern society and constituted "the discourse hegemony", the medium disassimilation's phenomenon occurs now and then. The medium intellectual is the production to combine the intellectual with the media. They adapt the time and intervene the media positively. It widen their activity space and obtain more freedom. But the medium's "the discourse hegemony " possibly embezzles the intellectuals' precious critical spirit and the independent consciousness. Therefore, when they construct their identity ,the literary theory speakers should not repel the medium and should make a arrange and reconsideration to their identity , using medium express thoughts and serve for our society . Meanwhile, they should guard against that is controlled by the medium and don't lose independent and rationality pondering and criticizing.The fifth chapter discuss the literary theory speakers' culture identity crisis and the solution of the new era .Since the new time, the unified ideology discourse started to burst in the Chinese culture field, The culture main body composed by the mass culture, the elite culture and the mainstream culture. The three cultures although has its existence validity respectively, but is also facing identity crisis: The mass culture has quantity but lack the quality, the elite culture and the mainstream culture is quite defective in populace's acceptance and approval. Along with the globalization's tide spread the world, the conflict and the collision occur among the different culture , and the culture identity crisis highlighting. On the one hand, globalization and the modern information revolution's fast development promote the culture identity's homogenization, the US have the cultural hegemony because of its powerful national strength and implement "the cultural aggression" and "the culture colonizes" to other national- nationality's culture. On the other hand, the globalization also promote the cultural multiplication and the tendency of the difference. The conflict and the fusion among the different cultures strengthen the cultural aboriginality and the national characteristic and has the paradox of the tendency between of the same and difference of the culture identity crisis. The culture identity crisis also initiated the literary theory speakers' cultural identity crisis, and the prominent performance is the opinion of the literary theory's "aphasia" in contemporary China and the popular of the post-colonialism theory. Today the speed of globalization day by day, every literary theory speaker all should face the question how to construct oneself culture identity. The literary theory speakers should dialog, communication and fusion between the Chinese culture and the Western culture, the traditional culture and the modern culture. They should construct their culture identity by the way of containing, opening, developing, criticizing, and prevent "the cultural politicization" and guest against defending stubbornly the cultural tradition purely.The conclusion part is a summary of the development direction of the literary theory in the new time that embark from the speakers' identity. It thinks that opportunity and challenge coexisting of the development of the literary theory in the new time. It is hopeful that engage in the literary theory research. On the one hand, because of the transformation of development center of gravity in our society and the shift from the struggle to the democracy of the political life, the literary theory have already marginalized. The traditional identity of the legislator and the interprter encounter the serious challenge, the elite complex that separate itself from the populace also cause literary theory speakers fall into dire straits, the literary theory has separated itself from the the practice and copied the West literary theory for a long time. All of these cause the contemporary literary theory of China fall into dire straits. But on the other hand, the globalization and the modernization have provided a good opportunity for the literature and the cultural's development of China. The great progress and the development also have provided a development space freely and broadly. In fact, it is a golden opportunity for the development of the literary theory of China. If the literary theory speakers can change the traditional dependence identity, weaken the elite complex, root China's reality, embark from the reality, pond and advance unceasingly stand at the point of opening, containing, independencing and talking, they can enter into the social center by the way of standing in the edge standpoint and the literary theory be able to obtain the true power and the fountainhead of the development.The paper mainly use the three research means: the complex analysis, the key words analysis and the historical study. By the way of the complex analysis, the paper try to outline the different appearance of the literary theory speakers' identity under the complex of the politics, the economy and the medium. By the way of the key words analysis, the paper make a explanation for the essential concepts such as the identity, the intellectual, the humanities intellectual, the medium authority, the cultural capital. By the way of the historical study, the paper not only explains the changes ' historical rationality of the literary theory speakers' identity in the new time under the concrete comtext , but also attempts to explain the opportunity and the challenge that the literary theory speakers confront under the concrete historal, try to give some suggestion for its development direction at the base of above explanation.