A Study Of Build The Ethical Order Of The Modern Harmonious Society

The harmonious socialist society is an ethical society with a dual nature of social political ideal and moral ideal, which refers to both the harmony of social order and the peace of people's mental state. Therefore, the harmonious society has two connotations: the society's systematic expectation of fair and just order, and people's ethical expectation of happy and peaceful life. A fair and just order helps to make a reasonable distribution of limited social recourses, to get an effective control on all kinds of conflicts of interests, and to keep a favorable market order and life order of the society; while the ethical order, at the level of "what it ought to be", restricts the boundary of social conflicts of interests, reduces the market trading expense, provides the innate growing point of democratic politics and legitimate politics, and broods the value pursuit of "virtue" of the socialist harmonious culture. It is the value, transcendence and practicality of ethical morality that form the value support and the spiritual power of the harmonious society. It is an urgent task to study the ethical order of the modern harmonious society in china's present social building.The moral ideal of ethical harmony in future society is not only pursued by the present communist party, but also sought by the ideologists steadily over the eras. From the guides and virtues of order, mercy and self-cultivation in ancient China to the moral ideal of sacrificing private interests to public interests, the Great Harmony, the liberty and independence in modern times; from the pursuit of justice, liberty and equality in ancient Greece and Rome to the call for the freedom of individuality and the liberation of humanity in the Renaissance, until the communist ethical ideal of the Utopian socialists in the 19^th centaury, all of which show people's approval of the effect of the ethical order on social stability and harmony, the assurance of individual right, the confirmation on justice and liberation, and the emphasis on morality and responsibility. However, to realize future harmony, Chinese ancient ideologists resort to individual moral cultivation while Western ideologists build more' hope on legal system building. Marxism has been doing a thorough exploration on the ethical order of future society. Both the founders of Marxism and the Chinese Marxists set the building of harmonious socialist and communist society as their aim and stride forward towards this goal in practice. In their thought and practice of advancing social harmony, we can find the ethical values such as putting people first, democracy and the rule of law, equity and justice, harmony and coordination, honesty and fraternity, which are the ethical orders contained in the present thought and practice of harmonious society. Only under the guide of these ethical orders, can the socialism building make constant progress. The certainty of history is also practical. We can learn from history as well as find realistic ground to build the modern ethical order. During the transformation period of society, building an orderly ethical environment is faced with greater divergence of interests and increasingly obvious social conflicts, and with many ethical puzzles and moral risks, which makes this task arduous and urgent. Although the transformation of original ethical order are caused by various and complicated social factors, basically it is decided by the change of interests structure resulting from the transformation of society pattern. The divergence and imbalance of interests brings about the environmental change of original ethical order, which in turn leads to the essential reform of interpersonal communication, life modes and social values. Consequently, the ethical order breaks up naturally and needs reconstruction. It is significant and urgent to harmonize the interests diversity and the social honesty, the transformation of society pattern and the reasonable acceptance of politics, the cultural exchange and the dominant values and faiths, the distress resurrecting the nation and the nation's calmness when facing it.Faced with difficulty and demand, we have to establish a new ethical goal for future society. The success of social development depends on the goal or the goal mode that the society set ahead. As the development of human society is not only economic and politic but also cultural and ethical, the dimension of values becomes an integral element of social development. It decides the need of social development, or actually predetermines the direction of social development. To build a socialist harmonious society, it is necessary to set a goal of social developmental values involving the relations between man and nature, man and society, man and other people, as well as man and self. The harmony between man and nature does not indicate submitting to nature or conquering nature, but means expanded production, a better life and sound ecological conditions, which entails abandoning human-centeredness, adhering to the values of coexisting harmoniously, and promoting the unity of ecological conservation and social civilization. The harmony of man and society originates from the development of society and the all around development of man, which are two basic orientations of harmonious society. The all around development of man is the ultimate goal of social progress, and social progress is the requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to stick to the values of collectivism, harmony and progress for all to promote the unity of individual development and social development. As the core element of social harmony, interpersonal harmony is beneficial to people's life and work in peace and contentment and the social stability. And to promote development for all, it is required to uphold the communicative principle of tolerance and honesty and to establish the values of harmony and coexistence. Because social harmony hinges on the realization of every social member's dignity and worth, the humanistic basis for building a socialist harmonious society is to respect and develop subjective personality. To encourage free and all-around development of individuals, we should pay attention to the harmony of oneself and establish the values of subjective personality.To fulfill the new goal of values, the core contents of the ethical order of the modern society needs restructuring. Based on the fundamental characteristics of the socialist harmonious society and the main requirements of the socialistic ethics cultivation, and giving consideration to the practical moral difficulties, we believe that the core contents of the ethical order of the modern harmonious society have multi-aspects. Individual right, as the affirmation and explanation of individual's subjective value, become a substantial element indispensable to the existence and development of the modern society, which is the indication of social modernization and the humanistic basis of social harmony. Corresponding with right, moral responsibility not only reflects moral loftiness and concerns with individual's survival and happiness, but also shows the practical requirements of social life and social relations on individuals, which is the basic issue of social harmony. The national spirit embodies the nation's unique characteristic, self-consciousness and self-recognition, indicates the whole Chinese nation's common pursuit and ideal of values, and helps the realization of national, cultural and worth recognition, which is the recognition source of social harmony. Power morality, compared with other professional codes of conduct, is more authoritative, political, responsible and influential in society. It guarantees that the social political ideal and principles are justified by the nation's law and are supported by the social ethics at the same time, thereby makes the use of political power legitimate in politics and valid in ethics, which is the leading project of social harmony. Social justice is equitable distribution of political, economic and other interests among all the social members, which in turn means equitable rights, reasonable distribution, equal opportunities and impartial judicature. It is the main criterion measuring social progress in all aspects and the ultimate goal of social harmony.A harmonious society needs a harmonious operational mechanism, which makes directive arrangements on the new system, structure and organism of ethics and values. The internal operation organism stresses that the social integral elements, dominated by the consciousness of the subjective men who are "the total of all the social relations", follows the initiative public ethical conventions to achieve the optimal combination and the maximization of individual values and social values. This permanent mechanism includes educational operation mechanism, cultural cultivation mechanism, directive mechanism of public opinion, and policy guiding mechanism. All of them influence the social ethical relations by affecting people's spiritual life directly and form the internal implementation system of modern ethical order. The external guarantee mechanism creates various possible conditions for reorganizing the social integral elements into a new external system. It emphasizes order among social organizations and harmony of the macro-environment that the subjective men are in. The external guarantee mechanism includes social circulating mechanism, interest coordination mechanism, organization and communication mechanism, social guarantee mechanism, social management mechanism, social control mechanism and social warning mechanism, all of which ensure the construction and operation of modern ethical order.The founders of Marxism had predicted that the future society will bring human to the free and all around development. Only the all around developed men can control the great progress of productive forces, scientific techniques and communication modes, and in turn, the development of productive forces and communication modes in all aspects are the internal motivation promoting social harmony. Therefore, the advance of people's all around development and the fulfillment of social harmony are the prerequisite and foundation of each other. The two promote mutually and improve gradually, integrating in the developmental process of human society.