Modern Japanese Nationalism And The Formation And Development Of Liang Qichao's Theory Of The Nationality

Liang Qichao accepted the western ideas of nationality With Japanese media when He fled to Japan , and therefore gradually formed his views on this topic. It was the transformation of Japan itself that determined the complex of his thinking and pluralistic ways. Was there the main one in so much thinking which affected Liang Qichao ? If, What Was it? And How It did? The study tried to answer the above questions with discussing Liang Qichao's view of the nationality ,and gave its analysis and remarks.The important theme for the intellectuals was to establish the modern state at the impact of the western tide. However,there were two different and opposite ideas about this problem ,One was from Liang Qichao who insisted on establishing nation state by the means of nation ,The other was from Sun Zhongshan who persisted in establishing nation by the means of nation state。In Liang Qichao'view ,The nature of this problem was the dispute between political revolution and racism revolution。There were three representative researches on Liang Qichao's nationality .The first one was Hao Chang and his book Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Intellectual Transition in China,1890-1907.The second one was Huang Kewu and his book One renouncing choice:A study on Liang Ch'i-ch'ao thinkin.. The three one was Japanese Hazama Naoki and his article . Hao Chang viewed that the core of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao thinking was the"collectivity", and Huang Kewu viewed that the core of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao thinking was the"individual". In Hazama Naoki's opinion, There was no contradiction between nation state and new nationality because the nation state was the eventual aim in spite of the individual's view. That was to say, there were two axes in Liang Qichao's thinking, One was the civil right, Another was the nation state. The author viewed that the two axes of Hazama Naoki seemed to be affected by Maruyama Masao's research on Kuga Katsunan who was the outstanding journalist and nationalist in 1920's. Maruyama Masao pointed out that Japan should develop in the correct equilibrium of individual freedom and national power in Kuga Katsunan's opinion, That was to say, There were two axes of Kuga Katsunan's thinking. However, The three fundamental theories of Hazama Naoki's article ,nationalism liberalism and Meiji's theory ,were respective corresponding to Azima Hyouji's nation theory , Hukuzawa Yukiti's theory and Japanese YangMing's theory. It was widely accepted that there were serious opposition between Hukuzawa Yukiti's liberalism theory and other kinds of conservatism. Therefore, The two axes of Hazama Naoki's thinking was not as much convincing as Maruyama Masao's theory in nature . We should not focus on individual theory but on the whole theories.Liang Qichao mainly accepted t Kuga Katsunan'thinking on the nationality in the author view. It was not only because of the closer relationship between Kuga Katsunan and Liang Qichao in reality but also of the common ideas on the nationality which included the three fundamental ideals and the balance between national power and civil right.Kuga Katsunan ,His first name was Minoru ,and second name was Katsunan. He established the magazine《Japan》,and advocated nationalism which was compatible with the theory of the magazine《Japanese》.He opposed the western ideas of the first section ,and had his nationalism which meant the national unification in internal and national independence in external from the second section. He changed his conservatism to the liberalism in the opposite of the militarism in Japan around the First Sino-Japanese.Kuga Katsunan opposed Hukuzawa Yukiti's ideas and supported Liang Qi chao's reformation .He actively rescued Liang Qichao after the failure of the reformation. He gave his advices on the reformation in the view of the nation's construction.Liang Qichao adopt modern nationalism in the effect of Kuga Katsunan'ideas after He gave up Kang Youwei's ideas . Liang QicChao's new ideas included the two features: the first one was the equality between nation and nationality; the second one, He emphasized the importance of national education in the nation's construction. Liang Qichao adopted his cooperation with SunZhong Shan and changed his liberalism to the conservatism after 1903.Liang Qichao did not change his ideas in nature , so it was with Kuga Katsunan, therefore, there did not exist the confrontation between his former ideas and latter one. Liang Qichao was not as much mature as Kuga Katsunan ,however, His nationalism had an important effect on modern China and Korea which reflected the nature of the modern Eastern Asian civilization .Although China did not choose Liang Qichao's nationalism but SunZhong Shan's nationalism , the latter one was more better than the former one in the long run .