Upon The Interpretation History Of Romance Of The Three Kingdoms

The book of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first historical novel in old China , which has the most achievement and effect. It is a broad and deep, all-inclusive novel, in which there were full of life- like people who had various deeds and famous fames. Since it was written, it has influenced greatly during Ming and Qing Dynasty, as caused many people to rush off to the front to copy it so as to read. Since then it affected for a long time till today. The novel was written six hundred years ago from Ming to today, when various of readers have made different interpretation because of their different status, learning, methods, cultural mentality or the ideas, theory of the interpretation, which created a influent literary and cultural scene. The history of the novel's interpretation is one existence history.The Method of the Interpretation is one theory about the western comprehension and interpretation, which had great effect on the modern human studies. It was centered by Meanings that interpreted the aims and the affection of the author, text and the readers, which inspired the people's comprehension and interpretation. Enlightened and instructed by the theory, it adopted the study method of some point or aspect combined and the structure of crisscross interpretation. It is important to study for readers in order to research the cause of its history, politics, ideas and culture.It is divided into three parts including introduction, the summaary historical interpretation of the novel and its separate interpretation.Introduction. It includes three parts, its writing including the article's background and meanings,studying situation and methods, interpreter and textual interpretation, its reform and shortcomings; its summary theory of interpretation retrospecting the history of the theory including theory of annotation, author or readers or text centered theory. The theory of author and text centered are epistemology; however readers are thing-in- itself annotation; its theory and ancient classics annotation.The first volume is summary historical interpretation in which there are four chapters. In the first chapter, why the novel became one ancient classic which including three causes, a long edition and extensive material sources, the author's broad visual threshold and various of readers' annotation.The second chapter is annotation in Ming and Qing Dynasty. Firstly we annotate the situation in Ming and Qing when Classical Confucian texts respected, the culture and education serving the imperial power, ideology liberated in the end of Ming, and the novel read or spreaded. Secondly, we will annotate the development of the novel's annotation. At that time ,there were three forms that were mainly novel annotation, prefaces and notes. Yu Xiangdou was like a merchant,but Li Zhuowu or Ye Zhou was like a scholar. Mao Zonggang and Li Yu were more synthesized. The prefaces and notes annotated the novel with civilization and historical truth. But the prefaces and notes in Qing Dynasty were more prudent because of its cultural autocratic policy.The third chapter is annotation in the modern times. Firstly we summed up the annotations before the New Culture Movement. Bourgeoisie reformers and revolutionary scholars praised the novel for the need of the social politics, and questioned the idea of supporting Liu Bei but opposing Cao Cao. During the period it was full of present or ancient, modern or classical contradiction and in the transformation from classical to modern form. Secondly, we studied annotation after the New Culture Movement. Hu Shi and Qian Xuantong criticized the novel because of their critic cultural ideas.In the fourth chapter, it is the annotation for the novel after the liberation. In the first seventeenth years the researchers annotated it with great political standards that were class and human nature. During the new social environment, they annotated its ideas and portrait with new methods so that there were various subjects. Cultural annotation was very important for the novel.In the second volume, we will annotate the novel separately.In the first chapter, it is the annotation for the idea of supporting Liu but opposing Cao. Yu Xiangdou and Ye Zhou had little ideas about it, but the preface at the same time had clear idea about it. In the beginning of Qing , Mao Zonggang had strong idea so as to make it more traditional and ethical. In the beginning of the foundation, the scholars annotated the idea with various points; however, now the researchers are studying the source of this idea and annotating it with cultural points.The second chapter is practical annotation, which includes two kinds of persons. One kind is the feudalistic rulers and scholar-bureaucrats for their ruling rules, the other is various martial persons who adopted the military experiences between Ming and Qing. Till immediate time, Mao Zedong annotated and practiced military theory in the novel so as to enrich and develop its practical meanings. After the middle 80^th of the twentieth century, some scholars studied the resourcefulness in the novel for the need ofstrategics and human talents and developed it.The third chapter is annotation of Guan Yu. During Ming and QingDynasty, they sacrificed and adored him for his Yi. The rulers boosted his Loyalty and common people adored his loyal to friends and his faithfulness. In the beginning of Qing, Mao Zonggang praised him and looked upon him as a ideal military talent. But in the beginning of the twentieth century, Qian Xuantong and Hu Shi negated him. People in the fiftieth and sixtieth century praised him but praised or negated his Yi. Since the eightieth century they annotated the novel step by step, especially his cultural annotation.The fourth chapter is the annotation of Cao Cao. Mao Zonggang found a two-sided personality of him, so Mao praised his talent and achievements but negated his moral or personality for his bad faith. Hu Shi and Qian Xuantong praised Cao Cao in the beginning of the twentieth century. Later, the scholars looked on him as a soul of his class and evil of feudalists. In the end of fiftieth century, a talking of Reversing a case for Cao Cao aroused a contend about how to judge him, which is very necessary for us to learn and judge him more impersonally and exactly. In the Cultural Revolution, they talked about the problem how to judge Cao Cao. They analyzed his perplex personality and annotated him with cultural or psychic aspect.The last chapter is the annotation for Zhuge Liang. Mao Zonggang thought him as a talent, excellent and personable prime minister in the ancient or now. Ye Shi praised his resourcefulness and loyalty but negated his personality or governing methods. Later ,the researchers thought he had national character because of his wisdom and loyalty. Now they are annotating him with cultural and tragic ideas which are the most important trait for us to study him. Conclusion. The development of annotating the novel tells us that it is different for the explicators, text and authors to present in the meaning-making, in which the explicator is the object that is the leading role, and the text is the subject that is the prescriptive object for the meaning, while the author is the important consult for the annotation who is the factor that is against misunderstanding and contort. Those three factors are all very important so we should respect the explicators and give them more freedom to annotate, value the objective meaning of the text and against the subjective arbitrariness, give historical and cultural consideration to the authors and the text so as to find the scientific or reasonable annotation, In the same time the explicators should have a sober thought for their historical situation such as ideology and political factors in order to be against excessive annotation because of the external influence.