The Study Of The Dispute On Tang Poetry And Song Poetry During Early Qing Dynasty

The dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry is an important clue that runs through the history of Qing poetry.Predecessors have done a lot of studies on this issue,but as regard to the rheological history of this issue among the period of Shunzhi,Kangxi and Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the systematic integration has not been done yet. Based on the specific studies on the poets'thought changes and their works,this paper aims to discuss the poetics thought related to this issue and to summarize the development of Tang-oriented style and Song-oriented style. By outlining the poets and their influence comparison between Tang-oriented and Song-oriented in early Qing Dynasty, I attempt to discuss the view of important poets and theorists formed under the influence of certain poetics background,origin,communication and personal disposition and so on.Besides, I also investigate the up-and-down of Tang-oriented and Song-oriented in early Qing dynasty in order to reveal the whole view and rheological trend of this issue in early Qing dynasty.Each section of this paper aims to have a complete understanding of the literature material on research object and to present a new view on the history of Qing Poems from the point of the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry based on the contemporary research achievements. In the way of the anthology study, I first discuss the relations between the anthology of Song poetry in early Qing dynasty and the anthology of early Qing poetry selected by people in early Qing dynasty and the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetryIn the introduction,I comment on the former study of the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry in Qing dynasty.The text has six chapters which includes the intercrossing introduction of Tang-oriented and Song-oriented style. Chapter 1 and chapter 2 discuss the transmiting of Tang-oriented style in early Kangxi period as well as the rise and the development of the Song-oriented style. The Tang-oriented style in this period continued the trend of thought about restoring the ancient ways at the end of Ming dynasty.Cloud school of ci-poetry claimed the Tang-oriented style and objected the Song poetry.This thought was so popular that it influenced Xiling Ten Poets and some other poets. Poets of Ming dynasty's adherents began to be Dufu-oeriented later on.They explained Dufu's poems,commented on them and gave deep explanation on the Dufu's poems'spiritual world.Moreover,they also gave priority to real temperament in their works and got rid of the form simulation. Thereinto,Wang fuzhi and Gu yanwu held the position of Tang-oriented and Song-disoriented.Wang fuzhi gave deep explanation about the aesthetics of Tang poetry and criticized the sectarian bias since the king of Caozhi,especially Jiangxi Poetry School. Gu yanwu influenced Qing poetry style by his poetry creation with the characteristics of pursuing quality and truth. The style of Song-oriented in early Qing dynasty started from Qian qianyi.He was both Tang-oriented and Song-oriented and he strongly criticized Seven Gentlemen School and Jingling School and set an example of Song-oriented in Qing dynasty. Afterwards,Qian lucan and Sun zhiwei followed Qian Qianyi. Huang Zongxi opened the path of Zhe School's Song-oriented style.Wu Zhizhen presented A copy collection of Song poetry to poets in Beijing which matched some poets'tendency of Song-oriented style in Beijing and promoted the rise of Song poetry style in early Qing dynasty.Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 discuss the development of Tang-oriented style and the wide spread of Song-oriented style between the period of Kangxi and YongZheng in Qing Dynasty. Wu Weiye had the same poetics origin as Cloud school of ci-poetry but also had some development.In his later creation,he began to absorb Song poetry.His works and thought influenced"Taicang Ten Poets",Wu Zhaojian and Chen Weisong and so on. With the rationalization of former study on the poetry history in Qing dynasty, Poetry in middle and late Tang Dynasty received reasonable affirmation.Some poets like Ceng Ban,Feng Shu ,He Shang and Wu Qiao advocated the style of poetry in middle and late Tang Dynasty.Moreover a series of Tang poetry selection affirmed the historical postion of Middle and Late Tang poetry. Meanwhile,Tang-oriented poetics of Seven Gentlemen in Ming dynasty still went on around the country,mainly including Li Yindu in central Shanxi,Qu Dajun in Lingnan and Shi Runzhang in Anhui province and Song Wan in Shandong province and so on. After the rise of Song poetry style around the tenth year of Kangxi king in Qing Dynasty,the style of Song poetry in Beijing developed very well.Some poets like Wang Wan,Tian Wen,Song Hun and Shao Changheng,Wang Maolin all experienced the change from Tang Dynasty to Song Dynasty and began to survey the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry rationally. Original Poetry written by Ye Xie explained the origin of poetry history in theory and promoted the wide spread of Song poetry,which laid a theoretical foundation for the road of Qing poetry to absorb Tang and Song poetry. In the middle period of Kangxi,Zha Shenxing established his position in the poetry history with his creation of Song-style poems and he also strengthened the art charm in Song poetry tune.During the period of Kangxi,Anthology of Song poetry appeared in succession which was the indication of the wide spread of Song poetry style.Chapter 5 describes the status of the return of Tang-style after the middle period of Kangxi.That Kanxi appreciated the prosperous Tang Dynasty was the direct power that led to the return of Tang-style. Xu Qianxue,Feng Pu,Mao Qiling,Zhu Yizun and so on confirmed their belief in Tang-oriented style and objected the Song-oriented style. Wang Shizhen was a famous poet in Kangxi poetic circle.His belief changed from Tang-oriented to Song-oriented and returned to Tang-oriented again.This change was closely related to the formation of Romantic Theory and played different historical role in the transformation of Poetry style in different periods. Romantic Theory created by Wang Shizhen originated from prosperous Tang poetry with the combination of Song and Yuan poetry,which deeply influenced Kangxi poetic circle.Chapter 6 probes into the status of the dispute on Tang and Song poetry reflected when people in early Qing dynasty selected poems in early Qing dynasty. The evolvement of the dispute on Tang and Song poetry in early Qing dynasty directly reflects in the process when people in early Qing dynasty selected poems in early Qing dynasty.Anthology in the period of Shunzhi gave priority to Tang-oriented style.Tang-oriented and Song-oriented style existed equally till the early period of Kangxi.From the late period of Kangxi to the early period of Qianlong, the thought about the compatibility of Tang and Song poetry took the lead.Through the above integration,we can see the big difference about the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry between this period and prior period. Firstly,most poets participated in the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry. Nearly each person's poetry collection contained the comment on Tang and Song poetry as well as the criticism on current people's style belief. The number of the people in Qing dynasty who participated in this dispute was so big that no dynasty could be compared to.Secondly,poets carried out wide discussion about poetics basic problems when they were arguing about the dispute, including the theory of poetry essence,function,creation,fission and so on. In other words,the development of poetics theory in Qing dynasty can be consolidated into the clue of the dispute. Thirdly, the general trend of the development of poetry history in this period was changing from Tang to Song. The situation that Tang-oriented school took the lead in Ming dynasty was broken and Song poetry style was promoted and developed gradually and the dispute on Tang poetry and Song poetry became more intense. Song-oriented School aimed to pursue the innovation and change and They also had many creative opinions about the explanation of poetry creation. They were considered as the main force of poetry circle in this period. The rise of Song poetry position in history made people have a more complete evaluation on poetry history and enriched the attention of poetics theory in Qing dynasty. Moreover it had a far-reaching influence on the poetry creation in Qing dynasty. The rise of Song poetry position in history was the premise that the combination of Tang-oriented style and Song-oriented style spread widely.which made it possible to solve the narrow dynasty dispute radically .