The Study On The System About Recommendation Of Song Dynasty

Recommendation in the system of election official played a decisive role, because of far-reaching impact and concerning so much, it was appreciated by the Song government. Recommendation generated from the correlative system that was left over from the previous dynasty, however, from the historical development of recommendation in the period of ancient China, it mainly derived from the system of recommendation in Tang Dynsty.Compared with other dynsties, recommendation in Song had very unique characteristics: Firstly, most imoportant officals and law cases were taked into this system. Secondly, recommendation became plenary and necessary condition in the promoption. Thirdly, recommendation in this time had transformed from duty to right. And in the same time, seriousness in the qualification and pattern caused rigidity. All of these characteristics of recommendation in Song caused recommender abusing and recommendee securing personal gain; And who unwill or unable done like this was difficult of being promopted, which lead to their life was in low water and they were in a bad temper. So this condition became the malpractice in Song. So discussing malpractice of recommendation was full of government and folk, became a hot topic.Recommendation mainly existed in the xuanrengaiguan(选人改官),piju(辟举),jianjuchaiqian(荐举差遣),jurenzidai(举人自代),zouyin(奏荫),huanguan(换官),juyiyi(举遗逸),and zhike(制科),jinshike(进士科)of imperial examinations. Moreover xuanrengaiguan(选人改官),jianjuchaiqian(荐举差遣)were the most important forms in the recommendation in Song.But researching the recommendation in the system mainly focused on the xuanrengaiguan(选人改官),jianjuchaiqian(荐举差遣)Whether reseaching important officials who had the ability to recommend or reseaching the system of recommendation directly, it clearly demonstrated the recommendation in Song Dynasty which involved and influenced so many aspects, and the same time, it exposed the seriousness of the malpractice of recommendation in Song Dynasty.The malpractice of recommendation in Song Dynasty showing some social problem, for recommender's abusing, formed political organization on the center of recommender; and on contrary, it formed a kind of social morality that was recommendee running for benefit and being in morose. All of these problem was payed attention by the Emperor and officials and caused some responsible officials thinking it. Although these idea could not change the malpractice of recommendation getting worse and worse, in all, the officials' ideas produced some suggestions.The development of this system was not isolated, and it conneted with some codition of the day. Taking recommendation in Song Dynsty for example, its implementation affected the relationship between people. The recommender and recommendee was connected by recommendation. This connection not only changed the relation between people, but also reflected in the polical activities, and then formed the political organization which is in the center of recommender. At the same time, the officials' spirit was demonstrated distinctly in the course of implement of recommendation. And also the recommedation was affected by officials' spirit. The relation between officials'spirit and recommedation made the generation understand this system better. Because of double identity of Shidafu, scholar and official, Literature and recommendation connected together. Whether getting some opportunities or demonstrating inner emotion through the literature works, the researching for the relationship between literature and recommendation could make a new prespective for the recommendation in Song Dynasty.Through reseaching some relative system from previous dynasty, recommendation in Song Dynasty was on the top of the development of this system in ancient China. Some inherent defects of the system and the feudal autocracy made the recommendation in Song Dynasty worse and worse. Therefore, the recommendation in Song Dynasty is a negative system.