Research On The Diplomatic Thought Of Sung

There were the upheaval and the change of political situation in the East Asia on the 10th-13th century.The key role of pattern varied, Kitan Liao and Sung was the large country on 10th-11th century, but they all weakened at the early 12th century Jin became the main force who led the development of political situation in the East Asia, when the power of Jin declined rapidly from peak, the situation was the state of confrontations between the South Sung and Jin in the East Asian by the end of 12th century, then Mongol (Yuan) became the master of this region after Jin destroyed in 1234.It determined the diplomacy of Sung that the politic pattern developed in the East AsianThe diplomacy thought of Sung can be divided into five periods that based on political structure change and the major incidents in the East Asia.The first period: Emperor Sung_ Taizu and Sung_ Taizong period (960-997), it was the initially age of the diplomatic thought;the second period:from Emperor Sung_ zhenzong ascend to contract "the Union of sea" at the second year of xuanhe (997-1120), the main line of the diplomatic thought of Sung was that the large country had the peaceful.After the covenant of Shan-yuan, this peace based on the axis of Sung and Kitan Liao relations. It was known as Xia build in 1038, Xia started intrusion the border of Sung, it were the important trouble issues to Sung, so the diplomatic thought of Sung was more complex, on the one hand,the army of Sung defensed actively to Xia in order to ensure their border stability; on the other hand, they want to attack and defeat xia; the third period:from "the Union of sea" to contract the treaty of Shaoxing (1120-1141), the peaceful relations collapsed because the joint of Sung and Jin attack to Liao, Jin invasion Sung followed. The thought of surrender was dominant in the thought of Sung dynasty; the fourth period:from the treaty of Shaoxing to the Jin perished at the first year of duanping (1141-1234). The situation was the confrontation between Sung and Jin. It was the conflict between the thought of surrender and realism in the foreign ideas of Sung;the fifth Period:from the Mongolia massive the south to the south Sung destructed(1235-1279), the army of Sung had a heroic resistant as soon as the army of Mongol intruded to Sung,but then Sung collapsed. The capitulationism ideas gradually again was the mainstream thought.There were four the main characteristics of the Sung diplomatic thought.Firstly, it had strengthening the internal defense while weakening the external one,as well, negative and passive on the foreign ideas;Secondly, it was the feature of pursuiting peace actively;Thirdly, the pay attention to the moral influence on other country;lastly,it had features of the concession and begging for surrender to powerful enemy These features permeated the diplomatic thought of Sung, guide the policy of Sung foreign on the long-term, and had the imperfection of far-reaching.The diplomatic thought of Sung mainly include four types, one was delegate as Fan-Zhongyan, Wang-Anshi, Li-Gang,Yue-Fei, they protected the country's advantage stoutly, defended actively, took the offensive, resisted the foreign aggression valiantly, they were the realistic thought; the second was delegate such as power queen and Si-Maguang, they had the thought of conservatism, consequence and adcocate via media. The third was as delegate as Sung-huizong and Tong-Guan, they had the idealism thought of divorced from reality, they didn't pay attention to reality power, optimistic naively, exaggerated the moral power of Confucius. The fourth was elegate as Sung-Qinzong, Qin-Hui, Jia-Sidao,they had the capitulationism thought who deserted the country's basic interests, weakness and compromise, gave up resist.The government of Sung succeeded and developed the diplomatic of the previous one, hankering peace was the chiefly object of Sung diplomatic thought, vindicated the peace of fjam system by Wang-Dao thought, Sung Dynasty became the important power in the East Asia's politics order. But because of the conservatism and idealism thoughts, Sung Dynasty diplomatic thought fall into capitulationism and begging for peace while they were economy descend, civil contradiction quickness, weak of military strength.