A Study On The Legal Terms In Qin-Han's Bamboo And Wood Slips

The legal documents is an important part of bamboo and wood slips in Qin-Han Dynasties, and it has an important position in unearthed documents of bamboo and wood slips and silks.Sorting out and analyzing of these legal terms, will be very significative for the Chinese vocabulary study and the study of Chinese ancient legal system. Based on these ideas, we will utilize linguistics and law (legal system is mainly)to try and research the interdisciplinary study.This paper has seven chapters,and its main contents as follows:The first chapter simply introduces used research materials and summarizes the research findings on bamoo and wood slips of Qin-Han Dynasties in the domestic and foreign academic circle,including works,books of thesises, thesises of degree, and some ariciles.In the second chapter, we extrude the research meaning,explain the main research method, define the conception of legal terms in Qin-Han'bamboo and wood slips. In the first quarter, we introduce our research meaning.It includes two aspects:(1)for the history of Chinse vocabulary;(2)for the history of Chinse ancient legal systems. And in the last, we introduce our research methods, including classification and statistics, comparison and analysis, historcal comparing, charts,finding means·of words and expressions according speech souds.In the third chapter, we expound the categories of the legal terms in Qin-Han Dynasties. The legal terms of Qin-Han Dynasties'bamboo and wood slips has an enormous number, and has approximately 1000. We classify these into four types:the names of laws and decrees, the names of crimes, the names of penalties, other legal terms.In the first section, there are a number of 55 for the name of law, and 4 for the decrees. Then, we conclude the number of crimes in bamoo and slips, and the number is 157 generally. And we classify them into 11 kinds. In the third section, we summary the number of penalties, and it is about 128. In the last part, we research the other legal terms, its number is about 650. These terms have an abundant contents, such as showing people's legal identities, using for legal judgement,showing penalty tools, showing subjective aspects of a crime, and so on.In the fourth chapter, we analyse the structures of the legal terms in Qin-Han Dynasties'bamboo and wood slips and their traits. From the point of view of syllables, it has the structures of single syllable, disyllable, and multisyllable. For the proportion to them, there is each 21.4% for 218,56.1% for 572, and 22.5% for 230. In the second sections, we summrize its characteristics of the legal terms. It mainly has these as follows:(1)succinct and live. Some words and expressions have the concise and visual trait; (2)using omitted names. In the research materials, the omitting is frequent;(3)the same names for the crimes and penalties; (4)multiple meanings of one word. Many legal terms have two meanins or more;(5) disyllables has an superiority over others, and so on.The fifth chapter is the research of polymerization of words'meaning. There are many thesaurus, antonyms, the affirmative and negative forms and multiple meaning words.We firstly research thesaurus, and indicate the effects on the expressions of language. We research the same points of the legal terms, and we also indicate these different aspects. The second section is the study of antonym. Antonym also has a positive influence on the expressions of language. In our research, the the affirmative and negative form is worth to study. There are many double forms, and have vivid traits. And in the last part, we study the phenomenon of mutiple meaning words.The sixth chapter is the values of the legal terms to the history of Chinese vocabularies. Refering to Chinese Dictionary, we have researched the legal terms of bamboo and slips. We probe and summarize the values to the Chinese historical vocabularies:(1)Supplement of new words; (2)correctting the explains of some words; (3) supplement about the meaning of some words; (4) supplement about examples of some words; (5)to bring forward the example of books.The seventh chapters is the last part of our research. In this part, we discuss some difficult words, such as YeCaoWeiHui(夜草为灰),Kun (髡),Nai(耐),Wan (完),WuGan(毋/勿敢)and so on. We explain the word Ye(夜)into burn, and the Wan(完)is the punishment of the integrity of one's body. Then we interpret the word of WuGan(毋/勿敢)how to develop and change into BuGan(不敢). And we probe the course of them.Through the above all aspects of research, we hope to provide some valubale materials to the history of the research of Chinese vocabulary, especially to compiling dictionaries, and also to the research of ancient Chinese legal systems.