Rational Deviation And Reconstruction Of Civilization: On Study Of Civilization Theory Toward Harmony

Civilization is a historical category, a state and process which demonstrates the progress of human society. In the rationalization trend of civilization development, Human realized the rationalization of world outlook, culture, and social rationalization, achieved a historical reality of self-transcendence, and formed a thinking paradigm of scientism. Rationality in civilization development, in the original meaning, is the unity of opposites of logic normalization and value normalization, and the dialectical unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality.Instrumental rationality makes it a condition that the consequences of behavior can be calculated and predicted, and focuses on the ability and possibility of achieving some special purposes by means, which concerns the material basement of civilization development. While the value rationality is based on the pure faith of the ethical, aesthetic, religious or any other interpretation of unconditional inherent value of development, and also on the ultimate concern of idea value, which become the basis of the value of human existence and basis for faith. Therefore, it concerned with the fundamental rationality tendency of civilization.The wold-demystified modernity process opened by neoteric enlightenment germinated quietly in the process of civilization development and adjusted the alienation paradox of rationality:a strong transcendence and arrogation of instrumental rationality, and a gradual weakness, shrinkness,and being sheltered of value rationality. This inevitably resulted in the overall dilemma and paradigms crisis of civilization development:the imbalance and crisis of harmonious relations in civilization development, the ecological and environmental crisis caused by the alienation between man and nature, the social and moral crisis from the alienation between man and society, the spiritual crisis and the absence of belief from the alienation between man and themselves;the anomie of value in civilization development; The uncertainty and risk in civilization development increase.Facing the crisis of civilization development, modernism and postmodernism had their own responses in theory, making criticism or construction to civilization, and formed a rich thinking of civilization theory. Freud put forward the Repression Civilization Theory based on the pessimistic fatalism of the suppress from instrumental rationality to value rationality. Marcuse proposed the Non-repressive Civilization Theory on the criticism that modern caused by instrumental rationality depress civilization unilaterally. Based on the appeals of value rationality, Derrida constructed the Deconstruction Civilization Theory in a comprehensive deconstruction of modern rational civilization. Habermas corrected and rewrote the modern civilization by communicative rationality. Marx's theory of civilization can be regarded as the presence of modernism and postmodernism. He made the essential theory of practice civilization as a starting point, criticted the alienation caused by Enlightenment philosophy and capital civilization, and attributed the crisis of modern civilization to the factors of the capitalist system. He thought the outlet of civilization lied in revolution and the establishment of new Socialist system, thus starting the theoretical model of Marxist harmonious civilization. Whether it is the civilization theory from modernism and postmodernism, or the Marxist Civilization Theory, they had the same value propose and practice implications:recovering the nature of civilization and realizing the harmonious development of civilization.While developing our Chinese socialist market economy now, we can find that the contradictions and conflicts between instrumental rationality and value rationality still exist, and there are also factors of disharmony civilization development, the performance of which in the system and vision of civilization is the uncoordinated civilization development. Therefore, constructing a harmonious civilization theory in which instrumental rationality goes in concordance with value rationality has become a theory purpose and value demand in the civilization development in China contemporary. The coordinated development of civilization has also become an inevitable choice and practice of logic in the way to a harmonious civilization.