Marx And Eneles' Theory Of Science And Technology Culture

The thesis takes Marx and Engels' Theory of Sci-Tech Culture as the research object. It historically analyzes and interprets Marx and Engel's cultural reflection in the early stage of modernization and its contemporary values through reading their works, recalling their historical living background and following the birth, development and maturity of their theories on Sci-Tech Culture.The raped development of Sci-Tech socialization from the18th centurie led to the emergence of Sci-Tech capitalization and beneficiation. The tool rationality of Sci-Tech and the cultural values of utilitarianism played a dominant role in the society. The humanism which was cherished by Renaissance and Enlightenment and which emphasized the respect for human values, freedom and dignity was fading away gradually. Predatory exploitation of natural resources happened frequently in the industrial activities. In summary, the alienation phenomenon of human body, spirits and nature had become a serious issue.Marx and Engels inherited the ancient Greek's tradition of science and culture, which integrated natural science, humanities and social politics, drew humanism of caring for human beings of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment and discarded the idea of Sci-Tech tool rationality which was dominant in the18th century. They studied the cultural connotation of Sci-Tech from the overall view of integrating Sci-Tech, humanities and social science:the relation between Sci-Tech and the life value, dignity and freedom of human, the relation between Sci-Tech and social development, the relation between Sci-Tech and the rational existence of natural objects. In the initiation and formation period of Sci-Tech culture theory, Marks and Engels conceived of the theoretical basis, main contents, value orientation of Sci-Tech culture theory based on Marks'theory thoughts and Engles' factory investigation. In the development period, they expounded the complementary relationship between Sci-Tech and the basic social culture forms such as philosophy, customs, ideology, political system and legal thoughts, and discussed deep impetus, development system and basic laws of Sci-Tech culture from the perspective of capital, world communication and industrial and commercial activities. In the maturity stage, they elaborated the transformation of the world's cultural system guided by modern Sci-Tech as the direct driving force. Based on historical materialism, they constructed the dialectic view of nature closely related to human history, and systematically discussed natural ecological problems from ancient surviving skills, modern Sci-Tech progress and advance as well as retreat of the nature.The following are the basic contents of Marx and Engels'Theory of Sci-Tech Culture:the theory foundation is the historical materialism and the development history of natural Sci-Tech. The theory is confirmed on realistic cut-in points such as the Sci-Tech development progress in Europe, the industrial revolution in Britain, the workers'living circumstances, the world-wide colonial aggression of the machine industry and ecology. The theoretical cut-in point is the basic social system of private ownership, the social inequitable and irrational management system, utilitarian cultural values and selfish and greedy human nature.The theoretical theme is the integrated Sci-Tech thoughts blending natural science and humanities and social science. The purpose of the theory is to relieve human dissimilation and alienation of social rights and nature. The theoretical value is embodied in three aspects. To the individual, modern Sci-Tech knowledge enriches the personality of modern individual human beings, removes human beings controlled by objects, and gradually leads to modern human beings with autonomy, dignity and freedom. To the society, Sci-Tech should be guaranteed and guided to goodness and benefit people by social public ownership, fair and reasonable management system as well as moral cultural values, thus the reconciliation among human beings themselves will gradually become a reality. To the nature, the reconciliation between human beings and nature will be realized by abandoning the idea of resource exploitation and ecological colonialism. Eventually the free development and comprehensive social progress will be realized.Marx and Engels not only paid close attention to the relationship between Sci-Tech and the material world, but also thought about Sci-Tech in accordance with human interests, human spirit freedom, living environment, social status and natural ecology. They emphasized the living meaning and liberation meaning of Sci-Tech to human beings, society and natural objects.This integrated view of Sci-Tech culture has had profound impact on the later scholars'understanding of the cultural implication of Sci-Tech, has inspirited modern western Marxism School and Chinese academicians'construction of Sci-Tech culture theory, and has guided the Sci-Tech innovation, Sci-Tech education system construction, ecological civilization construction, country rejuvenation through culture and harmonious society construction in the modernization process of China.