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A Study On The United States' Central Asia Strategy

Posted on:2013-01-21Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:K X ChenFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116330374994188Subject:International relations
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Using techniques such as hierarchical analysis, historical research, case study to investigating the United States permeating into the new Central Asia countries and the interaction between the United States and the other powers in Central Asia, this dissertation is aimed at exposing the essence of America's Central Asia strategy, assessing its results and prospect, from the perspective of geopolitics.A study on America's Central Asia Strategy needs verifying America's predominating strategic thinking first. The dissertation observes the strategic thinking of the leaders'at three strategic turning points in the history of the United States to affirming that the traditional geopolitical thinking is the soul of America's grand strategy with the characteristic of power expanding.After the cold war, in the guidance of traditional geopolitical thinking, and as the only superpower in the global, the United Stated decides to go on with pursuing world hegemony which was interrupted by the Cold War. Serving to the national strategy, the Central Asia strategy of the United States is aimed at weakening the influence of Russia and China in this area so as to undermine their capacity to challenge America's world position and to establish its predominating position in Central Asia, based on which the United States can link its military deployment in the eat, south and west into a integrated body.In order to realizing the up-mentioned goals, the United States enhances its presence in Central Asia by involving in political affair, economy and military of Central Asia countries. In the political aspect, the United States makes efforts to output its democracy value to Central Asia countries with the stick and carrot policy so as to bring them in to "the democratic big family" under its control. In military aspect, with the objective to reshape the Central Asia states'military system according to its standard, the United States has promoted cooperation with Central Asia states with the instrument of "peace and partnership plan" under NATO sine1994. After the event of "9.11", the United States established several air bases in Central Asia first in its history. With the goal of replacing Russia to control Central Asia states'economy, the United States attempted to undermine Russia by building the pipeline by-pass Russia. Finding it was hard to build a pipeline traversing the Caspian Sea recently, the United States proposed "the great Central Asia plan", trying to enhance its power in Central Asia and the South Asia by promoting the countries to strengthen cooperation among them. Foreign aid is another important instrument for the United States to promote its Central Asia strategy.America's entry into Central Asia must make some effect on the other powers with interest in the area. According to their relation with the United States, these powers are grouped into friends and rivals. The rivals are Russia, China and Iran, which the United States wants to elbow out from Central Asia. But it's more and more clear that it's hard to spoil the relation between the up-mentioned three countries and the Central Asia countries because of their traditional contacts. Regarding friends, the United States is stressing the necessary of coordination among them.Inevitably, the Central Asia strategy of the United State affects America itself, the Central Asia states and the other powers active in Central Asia. As to America, the Central Asia strategy makes it one of the most important actors in Central Asia from a bystander. There are positive and negative effects in the Central Asia countries. Regarding the positive effects, it is useful for the countries to become more independence, to broaden their diplomacy and to improve their international position first. Secondly, the technology and economy aid to the Central Asia countries promote their economical development. Thirdly, the cooperation in military between the United States and the Central Asia States upgrades the later defensive capability, which is in favour of the Central Asia states in their security and stability. The negative effects are as follows:1, Challenging the present government of Central Asia states by outputting democracy to them.2, Undermining the cooperation will of the Central Asia states among themselves by valueing them unequally.3, the contest among the out powers intensifies the relationship there. Although the United States has made big progress in Central Asia, but there still a long distance to reach its strategic goals. Actually, the problems exist in the Central Asia countries and the conflicts among them hinder the United States'local strategy. There are other hinder factors, such as the power balance strategy of the Central Asia choices, the limitation of America's power and the colliding objectives of its policies, the Afghanistan War and the other powers, the strategic thinking of the United States and so on. It can be infer that the United States will maintain its present Central Asia strategy with some adjustment. America may make advantage over Russia sometimes, but there is no way for him to control Central Asia thoroughly.In the ending of this dissertation, it is mentioned that China, insisting its traditional geopolitical thinking based on compromise, needn't to make too much reaction to America's recent aggressive movements in Central Asia and the West Pacific, for the strategic thinking of the United states is based on the western geopolitics theories with the characteristic of conflict and expanding powers, which is not suitable the much changed international environment. It must bring trouble to the United States and weaken itself if the United States insists the strategic thinking unchanged.
Keywords/Search Tags:the United States, the Central Asia, strategy, geopolitics
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