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Urban And Rural Population Movements Under The Social Security System

Posted on:2004-07-07Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:J H WangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360095962611Subject:Population, resource and environmental economics
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Taking the floating population as an important variable which influences the social security system, this paper selects a topic of extensive attention in order to find a suitable way to establish social security for the floating population, to broaden the connotation of social security in theory and to extend the function of the social security system.Population migration is an important phenomenon of urbanization and modernization which is pushed by the following two major forces: On the one hand, rural labor surplus is attracted by more chances of employment and higher income in cities; on the other hand, improvement of agriculture productivity leads to population outflow from the rural areas. Large quantity of labor surplus in rural China leads to a very large amount of floating population and there is a great difference as for the incomes of urban and rural areas in the dual society. In the planned economy era, population migration is strictly restricted. Although some restrictive policies have become moderate, other biased policies, such as household registration, employment segregation, and social security system discrimination still exist, which force the rural immigrants to the margin of the society. At the same time, such huge scale of floating population has impact on many aspects of existing institutional arrangements of our society, one of which is the social security system. Through the analysis of the features and the distribution of the rural immigrants who are employed in Shanghai, we find that what the rural labor do does not coincide with those taken by urban labor, which is the base for labor substitution. The effects of the floating population to the social security system are manifested in the following aspects.Firstly, because the age structure of the floating population is considerably young, and young people as a whole are contributors of the social security funds, which adds to the resource of the social security of the destination area. Based on the analysis of age structureof both the local inhabitants and immigrants in Shanghai, it sets forth a forecast of its population scale and the trend of age structure change. Furthermore, a model is introduced to show the impacts of different rates of inflow to Shanghai's population scale and age structure in the future. Secondly, the outflow of young labor from the rural areas aggravates the aging of population in these regions, and enlarges the distances of generation gap which weakens the risk-averting function of the family. But on the other hand, because the floating population no longer relies only on the land for their income, they can get better paid. The back flow of part of these incomes and the return of some immigrants increase the security resources in rural areas, which contributes to the development of rural social security system in these regions.Thirdly, the floating population who is exposed to the risks of market economy is excluded by any security systems. Therefore, the floating population needs a new security provision. So the floating population is an important variable that influences the urban-rural social security system, it is the carrier connecting the urban and rural system that makes it possible to establish an integrated, multi-layer social security system to meet the demands of different groups of people. Establishing such a new system involves reforms of some old institutional arrangement. Taking the pension system for example, current pay-as-you-go approach should be changed to the mixed system dominated by accumulation of individual account. And land-allocation transformation should also be facilitated to carry out the substitution of social security to the land security.Based on the case study of Shanghai, it puts forward the following suggestions: a multi-layer urban-rural social security system should be set up, that is to say, the floating population be integrated into the urban social security system, but considering their income standard, old-age insurance, medical insuran...
Keywords/Search Tags:floating population, social security system arrangement, urban and rural areas, Shanghai
PDF Full Text Request
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