Poland's Socialist Evolution Factors

It is a hot issue for researchers to explain the collapse of communism of Eastern Europe in post cold war era. This dissertation offers an explanation from a special angle, which focuses on the strategy of peaceful evolution of the United States in Poland and the collapse of Polish communism, so as to show an important external factor of the collapse of Polish communism and the Eastern Europe communism as a whole.This dissertation is distinguished from other researches on the same topic in at least two ways. First, Poland is selected by this dissertation as one typical case to explain American role in the collapse of communism of Eastern Europe from microcosmic perspective. Second, based on the principle that "Rome is not built in one day" , the dissertation argues that the collapse of communism is the product of long-term course. It looks into the peaceful evolution strategy of U.S. against the background of the cold war, so as to avoid some disadvantages, such as the attempt to consider the thing as it stands, or to explain the whole story only from the period of post-solidarity era.The dissertation is divided into three parts:The first part "historical survey" focuses on the U. S. -Poland relations in the cold war, and the U.S. general strategy and its stages on Poland.The second part "peaceful evolution strategy study" is mainly about the implementation of U. S. ' peaceful evolution strategy from four angles, which are: 1) the formation of economic reliance of Poland on U.S. and the application of U.S. "link policy" on Poland; 2) U.S.' public diplomacy on Poland and the dissolution of socialist ideology in Poland; 3) U.S. ' support on Polish dissenters' movement and the development of Polish CathoL ic church; 4) U. S. ' support on Solidarity and the politicalheadway of Solidarity.The third part "reviews on history" focuses on the characteristics of U.S.' peaceful evolution strategy, comments on U.S.' peaceful evolution strategy on Poland and lessons from it.The major conclusions are presented in the second part, and summarized in the third part. The two conclusions of the dissertation are:First, when analyzing the causes of the collapse of communism of Eastern Europe, this dissertation is based on Marxism that the internal factors are the primary causes of changes while external factors are just conditions of changes; internal factors are the determinants to the external factors.However, this dissertation also holds that the external factors are sometimes as important as, or even more important than interior factors. Meanwhile, the dissertation reminds people that, external factors and internal factors are interchangeable. So when the external factors are powerful to a great extent, they might be converted into internal factors. Thus external factors should be given equal attention to as interior factors when researches on the changes of all things are conducted.Second, economic power and ideology were the major competition fields between Socialism and Capitalism in the cold war period, and will still be the case in the long run.