A Study On The Economic Externalities

This dissertation focuses on the issues of the present economic externalities in China. There are three major goals in this research: Firstly, basing on the social reality that the economic reform & economic system transition in China, the thesis studies on the relevant problems of economic externalities and gets the economic externality systematic route from producing to realizing which is named as "externality chain". Secondly, the "externality chain" is cleared up and the main illogicalities & key factors resulting in economic externality are identified. Thirdly, on the basis of disassembling and analyzing "externality chain", relevant theory explaining and measures of economic externality precaution are studied and a train of thought of institutional innovation in economic externality frame is put forward.Main results of study1. The essence of economic externality is: Come of the conflict on the interests between men, which is the influence inflicting on others intentionally or unconsciously. So externality means the phenomena of economic subjects have not assumed all costs or enjoyed all incomes conscientiously and unconsciously in produce, management, and consumption activities. Externality has abundant connotation and almost infiltrates into everywhere in practice.2. The economic externality can be realized through different methods and ways. Cost externality is realized through many methods such as shifting cost & risk to others directly or indirectly, and many ways such as consuming excessively to public goods or semi-public resources, destroying and polluting the environment, occupying others'resources, unfair dealing constrainedly, and so on. The income externality is mainly realized through the methods including overflowing automatically,; losing passively directly or indirectly , prospective earnings being lost; and the ways including offering public goods, accepting the shifted cost , loss in the unfair dealing, and so on. The cost of the regional externality is shifted or the income takes place in a direct or indirect way, which can be immediate or at a specified future date and possesses certain accumulation effect. More obvious realization way of regional externality is seizing to the chance in reality, and the attraction or monopolizing of resources.3. Because of some reasons such an industry's advantage position (market position) difference , trade produce management characteristic difference , trade engineering level difference , externality condition difference, and so on, cost externality is easy brought in some industry (trade), income externality is easy produced in some industry (trade), the course of the economic externality demonstrates more outstanding difference of industry (trade) .4. There are many kinds of factors acting on to expedite the emergence of the economic externality commonly: First of all, the difference of peoples' interests has caused the externality germinating; Secondly, the "soil" of externality is "wide and fertile"; Finally, the "catalyst"causes the realizing of externality. The three aspects that connect each other and mutually promote together have, activated the realizing of externality in every corner of the society.5. The influence of the economic externality is ubiquitous in reality and causes quite enormous and extensive danger: Firstly, it has caused the disappearance of efficiency, disorder of the economic system, and unbalance of industry & region development as well; Secondly, it has caused the rational deviation of the society and credit crisis , as well as aggravated the contradiction between people and people , people and nature; Finally, it has made the society be unable to develop healthily & orderly.6. There are differences between theory and reality of examine economic externality at present, even if the mensuration of externality can be seek in theory , its result remains different to some extent from reality.7. The train of thought innovated to the externality precaution at the present stage is as...