The Political Analysis Of The Welfare States: From The Perspective Of Citizenship

Welfare state is a subject that has significant theoretical value. This paper takes Marxism as guidance. On the basic of the right view of Marxism, this paper analyses the Welfare States from the perspective of citizenship. Through the introduce of citizenship ,this paper tries to build the analysis frame of "field—right—system". On the basic of this frame, the paper analyses and compares the Welfare States from the perspective of time and space. The purpose is both to widen the theoretical horizon of the study on the Welfare States and to give some useful reference to the construction of the social welfare system in China. The viewpoint of this paper is that the setting of the welfare system should take the citizen's social right as basic, takes the citizen's social right as purpose. It is helpful for not only the entire social welfare system but also the political and social development in the society.The whole paper consists six chapters.Chapter I. The Explain of Perspective: Analysis of Citizenship Citizenship is a theoretical category of rich meaning. So this paper analyses it from three aspects: theoretical connotation, theoretical headstream, realizable mechanism. On the aspect of theoretical connotation, citizenship is a epitome of the relationship between state and citizen from the perspective of citizen. It means identity, right-obligation, participation of citizen. As the important part in the modern country, citizenship consists civil right, political right and social right. These three rights have a relationship of antinomy and uniform. On the aspect of theoretical headstream, as one of the oldest thoughts in the west, citizenship has two routes: citizenship of moral in the Old Greece and citizenship of right in the modern bourgeois. Marxism animadvert the right concept of bourgeois on the materialism. The viewpoint of Marxism is that human is a summation of all kinds of social relationship, not a single being. The right-viewpoint of bourgeois tries to replace the citizen's right with civil right, replace social citizen with normal human being. It makes the split and the dissimilation of right. This judgment has been proved in the crisis of the Welfare States and citizenship in the Capitalism.On the aspect of realization mechanism, the realization of citizenship is on the precondition of state appearing, on the basic of public field-grown up, from the approach of social colony striving. The citizen's right in the law is its production and aim of next striving. In a word, the extension of citizenship is a strong power of system development. Chapter II. Frame-Building: The Mutual Action between the Pattern of Citizenship and Welfare SystemThe author tries to build the mutual action relationship between the welfare system and the pattern of citizenship in this chapter firstly. Then this chapter analyses the different types of welfare system in the Welfare States.The partition of citizenship pattern is on the basic of the relationship among the fields in social life, such as market field, public field, state field. According to the difference of the field and its value that are the main aspect in the social life, the citizenship in the capitalism country can be divided into liberalism citizenship, traditional citizenship and social democracy citizenship. Then it has three kinds of welfare system.The typical feature of liberalism pattern of citizenship is that market field is the main field in social life. There forms a relationship of a low right, low duty with limited exchange. Civil right is inspected in this kind of country. Under it, the main part of social welfare system is the compensative welfare system which takes the market as the last end of citizens' welfare coming from the old "Poor law". In the country of traditional citizenship pattern, state field is the main field in the social life. The authority and the strict grade idea that is popular in the state field penetrate in entire social life. There forms a kind of more weak the overall e...