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A Historical Investigation On The Development Of Japanese Basic Research And Nobel Prize Winning In Science After Second World War

Posted on:2005-07-14Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y L JieFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360152467843Subject:Philosophy of science and technology
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This dissertation is based on the understanding of the specific definition of basic research in Japan. At the same time, it stresses the main characters of the development of basic research in Japan in these periods by the statements of the research experiences of the Japanese Nobel Laureates, and draws the outline of the history of the development of basic research in Japan.The dissertation consists of seven chapters. Except Chapter one as an introduction and Chapter seven as a conclusion, its main body may be divided into five parts according to the prevailing periodization by the Japanese scholars.The first period is the resuming period. In this period, taking the researching experience of Kenichi Fukui as an example, the thesis focused on the impact of the tradition of academic freedom on the development of basic research in Japan and the promotion to it under the bad outer temporal circumstance. The second period is the fast growing period. In this period, taking the researching experience of Leo Esaki as an example, the thesis introduces the first boom of central research institutes in Japanese companies. The third period is the type changing period. In this period, taking the researching experience of Hideki Shirakawa as an example, the thesis introduces that the lectureship-based research system and its outlay in Japanese universities provided the guarantee to the steady development of basic research in Japan after Second World War.The fourth period is about the whole 1980's. In this period, the thesis takes the researching experiences of three Japanese Nobel Laureates as examples. One is Ryoji Noyori who is a scientist concerning about the social value and promoting the cooperation between the academic institutions and industries. The other is Masatoshi Koshiba who is a scientist both inherited the tradition of academic freedom and having modern ideas. The last one is Koichi Tanaka who is an excellent researcher and engineer in Japanese companies. By doing so, the thesis sums up that in this period Japanese government strengthened the measures of promoting the development of basic research, and there was a good climax in the basic research institutes in Japanese companies, then the real cooperation on research between the two sectors of academic and industries has begun.The fifth period is from 1990's to present. In this period, after the accumulation of fifty years since Second World War, the level of Japanese basic research, and the fact that Japanese scientists won the Nobel Prize again and again in recent years, has begun to draw the attention and appreciation from the people all around the world. And at the same time, based on the reflection on the bubble economy, Japanese aspires after putting their idea into practice-----"Science and Technology Innovation Based Country Establishment", which has provided basic research in Japan with a chance to make it rise to a higher level and come into a rapidly developing stage.In the conclusion part of this dissertation, the author gives a general description of the development of basic research in Japan in each period since Second World War, tries to make a summary of essential characters of it, and points out its meaning for the development of basic research in our country.
Keywords/Search Tags:history of science and technology, Japan, basic research, Nobel Prize, Nobel Laureates
PDF Full Text Request
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