A Research On The Changes Of The Household Production System In The Countryside Of China In The 1950s～1960s

The household production system in the countryside of China in the 1950s~1960s appeared as a remedy for some faults in the course of agricultural cooperative movement, whose the basic intension meant fixed output quotas be turned over the production team to tribute partly and appropriate producing cost and work points according to the original index after peasant households finishing the contractive task. At the same time, peasant household was only a general production unit not a management mainstay in fact. However, contrast to highly centralized management system, the household production system gave peasants certain decision-making power in operation, income right and some space for peasants' enthusiasm for production. Regrettably, this system went through the constant up-and-down changes in the 1950s~1960s.System changes refers to the change and improvement of system, etc, whose course is the substitution and conversion of system in fact, including the establishment, change and break of system over time. System changes can be regarded as existing system (starting-point mode) becoming another kind of highly beneficial system (goal mode) or goal mode substituting starting-point mode, etc. All together, an important enlightenment from the definition of the changes of system is: man is the key factor influencing the changes of system, with his limited reason and different behavioral partiality.So peasants, local cadres, central policy-making level are three most basic linking degrees used to investigate in the changes of the household production system in this text, which expresses author's some subjective and objective understanding to agricultural system and its operators. The author thinks that the emergence, development and changes of the household production system launch among the reciprocation of three variables, one of these does not have ability to independently influence the changes of this system, how the actual relation is to be and what kind of an interactive course is experienced between them, especially how to determine to the destiny of the household production system is the theme that author will probe into, explain and refine in the thesis. In a word, with the visual angle, author offers a case of close examination of the changes of the household production system in the 1950s~1960s while expressing herself some understanding to this course. There are five chapters in this paper.Chapter I retrospect the history of genesis and changes of the household production system in the countryside of China in the 1950s~1960s.There is its reference that can't be ignored in history. In order to have a deep analysis on the agricultural cooperative movement leaded by the CCP, find out its advantages and disadvantages and excavate out the cause of the genesis of the household production system, traditional agricultural cooperation, value care and transmutation of cooperation leaded by the CCP in the democratic revolution period and the beginning-middle period in the 1950s are carefully combed and contrasted at first, study discovers that the cooperation after cooperative transformation of agriculture had been falling in contradictory situation that advanced agricultural producers' cooperative was neither the demands of most members who had joined the mutual-aid team or the elementary cooperative nor the urgent need of agricultural production while policy-making leaders solved the historical task by a brief way to assault movement according to their own logical thinking, which should be accomplished by developing production. Peasants, as the subject of agricultural production, neither volunteered had nor motive force participating in this movement. So it was very difficult to rectify and consolidate the advanced cooperative. Especially high cost was limited, some problems, for example, hitchhiking, etc, could not effectively overcome in the course of collective management and administration. So the household production system appeared as a remedy for some faults in the course of cooperative tra...