| The　development　of　science　brings　us　into　the　age　of　Internet.　The　Internet　influences　people　in　all　aspects　of　production　and　living,　including　the　rule　of　people's　activity—the　law.　The　existing　character　of　Internet　impacts　and　challenges　the　legislation　system.　We　encounter　more　and　more　problems　involving　Internet　in　the　actions;　the　conflicts　and　vacancy　of　legislation,　arising　from　the　inapplicability　of　laws　over　the　requirements　of　Internet,　are　gradually　become　the　urgent　problem　in　legislative　and　judicial　practice.　The　purpose　the　author　study　on　the　law　problems　on　international　civil　lawsuit　under　the　circumstance　of　Internet,　is　to　settle　the　quandary　both　in　theory　and　practice　caused　by　Internet　in　the　international　civil　justice.　The　thesis　is　guided　by　the　theory　of　conflict,　discusses　on　the　basic　problems　in　international　civil　lawsuit　involving　Internet—jurisdiction,　application　of　law,　assistance　of　international　justice,　acknowledgement　and　enforcement　of　foreign　judge　and　lodges　the　thought　and　measurement　of　solution,　through　analysis　of　abundant　cases　and　comparison　of　legislation　of　each　country.　　The　thesis　is　composed　of　9　chapters,　and　the　total　word　number　is　about　230,000.　Chapter　1　"Introduction:　the　characters　and　juristic　influences　of　Internet. "　The　Internet　has　the　characters　of　global,　invented,　non-central　of　management,　non-paper,　etc.,　which　greatly　influence　the　legal　mechanism　of　current　international　civil　lawsuit.　The　author　thinks,　the　influence　of　Internet　over　the　value　of　international　civil　lawsuit　is　in　many　aspects:　it　is　helpful　for　improving　the　efficiency　of　international　civil　lawsuit,　increasing　the　impartiality　and　transparence　of　justice,　and　increasing　the　convenience　of　the　parties.　The　author　also　gives　detailed　expatiation　on　it.　Chapter　2　"The　juristic　problems　of　influence　of　internet　on　jurisdiction　of　courts."　Aiming　at　the　challenge　put　forward　by　Internet　to　the　jurisdiction　of　courts,　the　author　firstly　analyzes　the　theory　answering　the　conflict　of　jurisdictions　under　the　circumstance　of　Internet.　He　thinks　though　the　theory　of　relativity　of　jurisdiction,　theory　of　fourth　international　space　and　theory　of　new　sovereign　right　having　somewhat　positive　signification,　the　limitations　and　deficiencies　in　them　are　distinct.　Secondly,　the　write　evaluates　the　juristic　practice　of　jurisdiction　under　the　circumstance　of　Internet　of　each　country.　USA　is　the　cradle　of　Internet,　also　the　country　with　most　developed　electronic　business.　The　author　reviews　many　important　cases　in　USA,　with　the　main　clue　of　long-arm　Jurisdiction　theory,　and　obtains　the　conclusion　that　long-arm　jurisdiction　theory　can　basically　settle　the　jurisdiction　problem　in　international　civil　case.　And　then,　the　author　gives　initial　discuss　on　the　juristic　practices　of　Australia,　Canada　and　Germen　answering　the　challenge　over　jurisdiction.　Aiming　at　three　different　thoughts　answering　the　challenge　over　jurisdiction　given　by　the　scholars,　the　author　thinks　the　conservative　opinion　neglecting　the　challenge　put　forward　by　Internet　over　jurisdiction　is　wrong,　the　revolutionary　opinion　fabricating　a　absolutely　dependent　invented　world　in　spite　of　the　objective　connection　between　the　internet　space　and　physical　space　is　by　no　means　right,　they　are　both　not　helpful　for　settlement　of　the　dispute　on　Internet,　only　the　improved　opinion　is　feasible　and　adopted　by　each　country　in　the　world.　There　is　no　need　and　necessity　to　establish　a　totally　new　juristic　system　to　regulate　and　adjust　the　activities　on　Internet.　What　we　need　is　continuous　completion　and　improvement　to　the　original　juristic　system　according　to　the　own　characters　of　Internet　activities.　At　the　end　of　this　chapter,　the　author　gives　the　basic　thought　answering　the　challenge　put　forward　by　Internet　over　traditional　jurisdiction　system:　enforcement　of　jurisdiction　of　internet　case　should　avoid　the　inappropriate　limitation　to　the　development　of　internet,　should　respect　the　sovereignty　of　other　countries　and　restrain　the　sovereignty　of　own　country,　should　regard　and　enhance　the　international　cooperation.　Chapter　3　"International　coordination　of　jurisdiction　under　circumstance　of　Internet."　The　author　analyzes,　from　the　aspects　of　own　characters　of　Internet　and　disposal　of　Internet　case,　it　is　very　necessary　for　international　coordination　of　jurisdiction　under　circumstance　of　Internet.　Hague　Conference　on　Private　International　Law　makes　great　effort　on　coordination　of　jurisdiction　of　Internet　case,　so　the　author　introduces　and　analyzes　specifically　the　influence　to　jurisdiction　over　Internet　civil　cases　by　"Five　agreements"　in　1997,　"Prohibited　jurisdiction"　proposed　in　1998,　discusses　about　jurisdiction　over　internet　in　Geneva　conference　in　1999,　stipulations　of　jurisdiction　over　internet　cases　in　Hague　"convention　on　jurisdiction　and　foreign　judgements　in　civil　and　commercial　matters"　(Protocol)　in　1999,　discusses　about　jurisdiction　over　Internet　cases　in　2000　and　exclusive　jurisdiction　convention　(2003　Protocol)　in　Canada　Ottawa　conference.　At　the　end　of　this　chapter,　the　author　brings　forward　five　juristic　principles　of　jurisdiction　coordination　under　the　circumstance　of　Internet:　principles　of　respecting　to　the　sovereignty　of　other　country,　of　vindicating　the　international　benefit,　of　efficiency　and　convenience,　of　international　courtliness,　and　of　self-controlling　of　jurisdiction.　Chapter　4　"Influence　of　internet　to　the　system　of　the　application　of　law."　The　system　of　application　of　law　has　strong　territorialism,　while　the　factor　of　geography　is　meaningless　on　Internet.　Various　challenges　are　put　forward　by　Internet　to　the　territorial　connection,　personal　connection　and　subjective　connection　in　system　of　application　of　international　civil　law.　Also,　the　Internet　challenges　the　governing　law;　it　makes　many　possible　applicable　governing　laws　go　by　the　board.　The　regulation　of　self-government　fills　the　gap　of　governing　law　and　enlarges　the　conflict　among　public　laws.　Chapter　5　"Application　of　law　concerning　electronic　contract."　The　Author　firstly　analyzes　the　legislation　of　application　of　law　concerning　electronic　contract　in　USA　and　Europe,　holds　the　stipulation　in　the"　Uniform　Computer　Information　Transactions　Act",　which　stipulates　the　right　of　choosing　parties　is　no　longer　restrained　by　reasonable　relation　and　directly　stipulates　applicable　law　to　some　specific　contracts,　have　positive　meaning,　but　also　have　the　problem　of　discriminating　foreign　laws.　The　"Directive　on　Electronic　Commerce"　of　European　Union　stipulates　the　law　applicable　to　the　information　service　provider　is　the　existed　domestic　law,　which　promotes　the　development　of　electronic　business.　The　Internet　circumstance　challenges　the　application　of　law　concerning　the　capacity　of　parties　of　electronic　contract　to　conclude　treaties,　form　of　contract,　and　substance　of　contract.　The　author　thinks,　the　application　of　law　concerning　capacity　of　parties　of　electronic　contract　to　conclude　treaties　should　be　the　applicable　law　of　contract,　because　the　main　purpose　of　juristic　system　of　electronic　contract　is　to　protect　the　security　of　business,　as　for　the　requirement　of　form　of　electronic　contract,　the　author　also　agrees　with　the　opinion　of　application　of　the　applicable　law　of　contract,　and　the　application　of　law　concerning　the　requirement　of　substance　of　electronic　law,　principle　of　party　autonomy　encounters　the　new　problem　of　"the　choice　of　law　clause　always　can　not　embody　the　real　consensus"　during　deciding　the　application　of　law　concerning　electronic　contract,　there　should　be　special　stipulation　made　in　the　law,　to　regulate　the　format　choice　of　law　clause;　the　principle　of　the　closest　connection　also　meets　with　many　new　problems　in　application　of　electronic　contract,　as　for　"implementation　of　Internet　contract",　the　concluding　place　of　contract,　implementing　place　of　contract,　other　place　of　activities　and　other　objective　connections　are　not　applicable.　The　subjective　connection　completely　rest　with　the　understanding　and　judgment　of　the　judge,　the　limitation　is　distinct,　too　much　flexibility　will　cause　the　lost　of　juristic　impartiality.　Some　scholars　agree　that　ISP　and　its　residence　can　be　the　new　connection,　the　author　disagrees　with　it　and　thinks　the　residence　with　ISP　be　the　new　connection.　Furthermore,　the　author　discusses　on　whether　the　Internet　server,　location　of　licensor　and　website　can　be　the　new　connection,　and　the　direct　application　of　jus　cogens　in　electronic　contract.　　As　for　the　application　of　law　concerning　electronic　consuming　contract,　each　country　normally　stipulates　application　of　the　laws　in　residence　of　the　consumer,　in　order　to　protect　the　rights　and　interests　of　the　consumer.　But　the　author　thinks,　the　trading　objects　of　the　seller　is　on　everywhere　of　the　world,　if　blindly　apply　the　laws　in　regular　residence　of　the　consumer　under　all　situation　without　limitation,　it　is　easy　to　destroy　the　reasonable　and　normal　expectation　of　the　seller　and　is　unfair　to　the　seller,　so　it　is　necessary　to　give　limitation　to　the　type　of　case　and　choosing　scope　of　the　parties.　As　for　application　of　law　concerning　Internet　intellectual　property　contract,　the　owner　of　intellectual　property　basically　adopts　format　contract　to　confirm　the　problem　of　application　of　law,　for　the　purpose　of　avoiding　inequity,　USA　stipulates　the　standard　of　no　violation　of　fundamentally　public　policies　and　lays　particular　stress　on　protection　of　the　owner　of　intellectual　property,　while　EU　stipulates　the　standard　of　no　breach　and　violation　of　principle　of　good　faith　and　lays　particular　stress　on　protection　of　the　consumer,　the　author　thinks　the　practice　of　EU　is　more　reasonable.　Chapter　6　"Application　of　law　concerning　the　act　of　infringement　on　Internet."　The　act　of　infringement　on　Internet　challenges　the　system　of　application　of　law　concerning　act　of　infringement,　but　the　author　thinks,　lex　loci　delicti,lex　fori,lex　voluntatis,　principle　of　the　closest　connection,　and　principle　of　application　of　law　in　favor　of　the　person　aggrieved　are　not　totally　demoded,　they　just　need　corresponding　innovation.　As　for　application　of　law　concerning　infringement　of　copyright　on　Internet,　the　author　thinks,　"principle　of　application　of　law　which　can　protect　the　production　most　effectively"　only　emphasizes　on　protection　of　rights　and　interests　of　the　owner　of　copyright,　neglects　the　public　interests,　which　might　do　harm　to　the　developing　countries.　Furthermore,　the　author　analyses　several　new　modes　of　application　of　law　of　Internet　copyright　raised　by　some　scholars　and　considers　them　as　positive.　As　for　the　act　of　infringing　right　of　reputation,　the　author　thinks　traditional　principle　of　closest　connection,　principle　of　option　of　applicable　law　made　by　the　person　aggrieved　and　rule　of　dual　actionable　can　be　basically　used　on　Internet,　especially　the　principle　of　option　of　applicable　law　made　by　the　person　aggrieved　is　not　only　reasonable　but　also　meets　the　needs　of　Internet.　Furthermore,　the　author　discusses　on　the　balance　between　freedom　of　speech　of　citizen　and　protection　of　reputation　on　Internet　through　analysis　of　relevant　cases,　reckons　the　poise　of　balance　should　lean　to　freedom　of　speech　aptly　during　transaction　of　the　relation　between　protection　of　reputation　and　freedom　of　speech　of　citizen,　only　when　the　speech　of　citizen　distinctly　infringes　the　right　of　reputation,　fictitious　person　and　other　social　organization,　should　put　it　right.　　Chapter　7　"International　civil　juridical　assistance　under　the　circumstance　of　Internet."　The　thesis　holds,　though　there　is　some　problems　existed　in　the　security　and　juristic　validity　in　electronic　service,　but　its　characters　of　celerity　and　high　efficiency　are　helpful　for　solving　the　difficulty　of　juridical　document　overseas　service.　Hague　Conference　on　Private　International　Law　affirms　the　mode　of　electronic　service,　but　there　are　still　many　problems　worthy　researching,　for　example,　the　national　boundaries　and　electronic　address,　the　acceptance　of　mode　of　electronic　service,　electronic　service　of　judgment,　whether　the　post　service　includes　emails　and　certificate　of　electronic　service,　and　etc.　　The　author　gives　his　analysis　on　the　previous　problems.　As　for　the　influence　of　Internet　over　overseas　investigation　and　evidence　obtaining,　Hague　Conference　on　Private　International　Law　considers　"Convention　of　obtaining　evidence"　is　not　forming　the　obstruction　of　overseas　evidence　obtaining　through　electronic　mode,　but　the　author　thinks　most　countries　have　juristic　limitation　to　the　management　of　information　technology,　it　is　necessary　to　modify　the　rule　of　obtaining　evidence　of　civil　lawsuit.　Chapter　8:　"The　acceptance　and　execution　of　foreign　arbitration　under　the　circumstances　of　Internet".　First　the　author　points　out　the　effect　of　net　case　jurisdiction　to　the　acceptance　of　foreign　court　judgment　through　the　analysis　to　main　national　justice　practice.　The　author　considers　that　the　information　spread　accepts　local　law　acts　the　important　status　in　accepting　foreign　courts'　judgment,　but　resolve　the　accept　the　foreign　court　judgment　problem　that　caused　by　the　conflict　of　jurisdiction　still　need　the　common　effort　of　international　social.　Secondly,　the　article　discusses　the　acceptance　problem　of　Internet　arbitration,　and　mainly　discusses　whether　the　Internet　arbitration　is　in　accordance　with　the　written　requirement,　sign　of　arbitral　agreement,　arbitration　place,　the　written　formal　requirement　of　arbitration,　non-voluntary　arbitration,　non　final　arbitration　and　equity　procedure　that　related　to　"New　York　Convention".　At　last　the　article　explains　the　positive　effect　of　Internet　to　foreign　arbitration　from　the　facets　of　format　of　application　execution,　force　executive　on-line,　set　up　unite　net　credit　mark　system,　credit　linkage　system　and　the　procedure　of　notice　&　withdrawal.　　Chapter　9:　"The　law　problem　of　international　civil　lawsuit　under　the　circumstances　of　Internet　of　our　country".　Based　on　the　summary　of　whole　article,　this　chapter　discusses　the　law　problem　of　international　civil　lawsuit　under　the　environment　of　Internet　of　our　country.　Specifically,　the　author　mainly　brings　forward　the　law　treatment　of　nation　international　civil　jurisdiction　under　the　Internet　environment:　to　soften　the　apanage　contact　factors,　perfect　the　agreement　jurisdiction　system,　use　the　method　of　American　"Increase　or　decrease　accord　with　proportion"　for　reference　and　the　combined　experience　of　"Farther　active",　refer　to　the　Doctrine　of　Forum　Non　Conveniens　of　England　&　American　law,　carry　out　protected　jurisdiction　to　electron　consumption　contract.　Concerning　the　law　applicability　problem　of　electron　contract,　author　analysis　the　related　provision　and　its　defect　of　"Contract　Law"　then　analysis　the　provision　of　electron　signature　and　the　draft　of　civil　law,　plus　he　brought　forward　the　suggest　that　applied　for　our　countries'　electron　contract　law:　refer　the　content　of　American　"Uniform　Computer　Information　Transaction　Act",　it　prescribed　that　the　supplier　of　electronic　contract　should　remind　the　users　related　law　applicability　problem　through　certain　manner.　This　kind　of　"obvious"　not　only　includes　the　"obvious"　in　formal　but　also　includes　the　"obvious"　in　virtue,　which　is　to　choose　the　applicable　law　to　show　the　content.　It　also　can　choose　the　method　of　EU　to　make　definite　provision　to　various　types　of　the　unequal　clause.　　Concerning　the　problem　of　electron　service,　the　author　puts　forward　the　suggestion　to　perfect　the　electron　service　system:　(1)　The　service　party　choosing　affirmation　system　of　law　documents,　(2)　The　electronic　service　of　the　agent　of　parties,　(3)　The　electronic　service　will　be　the　assistant　method　,(4)　It　should　set　neutral　summarized　service　mode　clause　in　the　legislation.　Concerning　the　effect　problem　of　net　technique　to　the　investigation　and　extraterritorial　evidence　taking,　the　author　considered　that　gain　evidence　in　the　Internet　does　not　belong　to　extraterritorial　evidence　taking.　In　order　to　exclude　the　obstacle　of　extraterritorial　evidence　taking,　it　should　be　resolved　under　various　countries'　agreement　to　make　the　foreign　witness　to　testify　the　affairs　through　electronic　method.　Before　countries　make　new　terms,　it　should　make　foreign　people　testify　through　electronic　method　into　extraterritorial　evidence　taking　to　maintain　the　dominion　of　countries.　At　last,　the　paper　introduces　our　court's　expectation　to　the　exertion　condition　of　Internet　and　information　technique　and　the　future　virtual　court　as　well.
|
PDF Full Text Request