Culture, Interests And U.s. Public Diplomacy,

Since the end of the World War II, with the appearance of new military weapons, the enlargement of the common people's influence in political arena, the development of communication technology, the deepening of interdependence of the global economy, the traditional diplomacy can't accommodate itself to the development of the new international conditions, as a new type of diplomacy, public diplomacy emerges as the times require. The United States is a country that emphasizes especially public diplomacy. Public diplomacy has been an absolutely necessarily important part of the United States' foreign strategy. At the present time, the United States mostly develops its public diplomacy through international information item, and international culture item, and Peace Corps, and various foundations and think tanks, and public opinion survey, and mass media.Culture and national interests are the two fundamental factors that impel the United States' to develop its public diplomacy. Culture plays a role in cultural control and cultural orientation in the United States' foreign policy. Public Diplomacy, as one important parts of the United States' foreign policy, is also influenced by American culture. That endows it with the sacred mission that the United States' public diplomacy should spread American cultural values and free market system. Because it is influenced by American culture, the United States' public diplomacy has its own characteristics. That includes, on the one hand, it outputs the values of American cultural and social government into other countries, pursues cultural hegemonism, tries for "peaceful evolution"; on the other hand, it leaves no stone unturned to monopolize and manipulate the world opinion, consolidate its might, maintain its global strategic interests, and tries to obtain its' political objectives by cultural ways, and strategic objectives that can't be obtained by economic and politic ways. Nationalinterests is the fundamental behavioral guideline, material base, and driving factor of interest, which propels the government of the United States to develop its public diplomacy activities. All in all, the United States' public diplomacy is the outcome which produced by American culture and national interests, and is not only influenced by its culture, but propelled by national interests.Either in European areas in the Cole War, or in the Middle East in the post "9-11", all public diplomacy activities of the United States' government are carried through under the banner of "anti-communism" or "anti-terrorism", its' ultimate objective is carrying the American cultural values and free market system in that areas, and tries for building the world which practices democratic and free market system ruled by the United States, and eliminates totally the soil that propagate "communism" or "terrorism". That is the inevitable outcome of the United States' public diplomacy which compelled by its culture and national interests, and can be traced in the same origin between the United States developing public diplomacy in the Cold War and in the Middle East regions after "9-11".