Harness Rivers: The Country Gets Involved And Peasants Cooperation

China is a large agricultural country and it is a major issue in the country and social management of China to harness the river all the time. China is a large country with extremely uneven distributed water resources. So, on different historical periods and different areas, meanings in water conservancy are very different. In this article, the practice of harnessing the river of the area of Jingmen and the relation of the involved country and the cooperating peasants have been investigated and analyzed from the foundation of new China to 2004.The organization and management system with high-centralized state power had been set up in the countryside after new China was founded, especially after people's communalization. It took "Combination of Politics and Society" and all of collectives as its outstanding characteristic. In this system, the country forces people to cooperate though the control on politics, economy, and culture resources. The problem of peasant's cooperation has turned into an organizing question of the country in fact. The brute force of the involved state have overcome peasants' organization predicament for thousands of years. Thus in no more than 20 year, the state have built the big and small irrigation works uncountable and have realized bringing the land under irrigation basically.The implementation of produces the contract institution have disintegrated the system foundation of the people's commune. The rural society has built and constructed the administration structure of "Township Politics and Village Governance". Under this background, the existing water conservancy system which contacted with system of people's commune have to carry on the reform. The direction of the reform is: The state withdraws from construction of water conservancy works and management gradually, the irrigation networks change into the market-based management mainstay, agricultural irrigation should be realized through rural organization by arranging the fee which is produced together. Because the debt at village level is heavy day by day, the above mentioned fee is often diverted to other purpose, individual peasant households no longer believe in rural organization, so the organization foundation of rural water conservancy disintegrate day by day. Irrigation works unit and peasant get into a difficult position at the same time.After the Tax-for-fee Reform in 2002, the country withdraws from supplements of...