The Research On The Derivation And Development Of The Cluster Of Middle And Small Enterprises

In 1973, Shumaher published his famous book named "Small is Beauty" in that he had proofed the advantage of middle and small erterprise in survival and competition. After that, Economist had found that The advantage of middle and small enterprise in survival and competition is not the advantage of single enterprise, but the advantage of cluster of erterprises. After 80's in twenty century, The local industry cluster of middle and small enterprises had gradually become the content of researching document in mainstream economics. In general,These studies can be divided into some part as follow: (1) Study on the space structure of regional economy; (2)Study on the deepening of division of labor and broadening of transaction net;(3)Study on the system structure and functin of industry organization; (4)Study on the effect of gathering and scale economy; (5)Study on the mechanism of self-organization in competition and coordination of enterprises;(6)Study on the knowledge spilling and information shareing. A. Marshall;M. Port;P. Krugman;A. Sacsseni and some of the domestic schollar have contributed to the studies above.Studies made by domestic and international schollar have revealed the important feature of local industry cluster from different aspect. But there is no researcher who had noticed the phenomenon of enterprises derivation in the course of development of industry cluster and had revealed the developing rule of local industry cluster from the stand of enterprises derivation. This article aim at providing a theoretic description about the phenomenon of enterprises derivation, and revealing the deep mechanism of enterprises derivation in the cluster of middle and small enterprises. As enterprises derivation is a field no one had looked into, so this article act as a initial probe and comprehension to the new problem in some aspect.In mainstream economics, enterprises is a basic notion that can not be analyzed from outside. Coase intend to drill through the logic hard shell that wraped "enterprises" from the direction of transaction cost and haveexplored for the essence of enterprises. Since the work of Coace, the problem about enterprises have become the important field of economics in late 20 century. The occurance of the phenomenon of enterprises cluster, have made the economic research broaden its prospect to the space organization and function of industry cluster. A. Schumpeter regard enterprenure as the causes of economic creation and activity.He think that economy would not develop if there were no entrepreneur. How to take the enterprises and entrepreneur into the theoretic frame of economics is an unfinished task. As for researching method, the mainstream economics just adopt the logic and rational method that make the mainstream economics keep consistent and complete in logic, but also make it escape far from the reality of ratinal process of economic behaviour. A. Simon have doubted the effect of complete rational hypothesis in economics. He think that the rational degree of economic behaviour has been limited by some factor as bellow:The first is that there is no way for actors know all of the possibility of economic action;The second is that economic actors do not know all of the result of action choice;The third is that the economic actors can not anticipate the effect and value of the result from their action choice. The evolutionary economics have adopted the theoretic stand of limited ration of Simon, and think that the process of decision making is not to find maximum of effect by accurate calculation, but the process of seeking for "satisfied" solution.Evolutionary economics have provided an efficient method and tools for explanation and analysis of the change and evolution of technologe, institution and organization in economy.But, the explanation about the process of economy evolution made by evolutionary economics include a premise that the enterprises is not change, and the real process of economy evolution is realized in the cource of derivation of enterprise.The so called enterprise derivation indicate that new enterprise are born from enterprise exsisted through fission, incubation, tillering. The economygrowth in a country or region is realized through emergence of enterprises from a little to a lot, or through the enlargement of enterprises from small to big. Every time in the move of economy , there are a lot of enterprises derived from and also many enterprises died out. The derivation and death are basic contradiction in the move of economy. Birth of a new enterprises do not just mean the occurance of potential entreprenur, but also mean the occurance of a new technologe and institution. Death of an old enterprise do not just mean the exit of an old entreprenur, but also mean the outdate of old technologe, institution and industry. It is the continous derivation of enterprises that put forward the change and move of the economic technologe , institution and market.Enterprise derivation has many kind of type as bellow:The derivation of fission;The derivation of incubation;The derivation of tillering. The different kind of enterprises derivation has different kind of inner mechanics. The quantity of potential entreprenur and the quality of entrepreneur endowment is the critical controlling variable that decide the way in which the new enterprises be derived. Entreprenur have motives of not only income but also power of control. The stronger the motive of power control is, the weaker the willing to cooperat with other Entreprenur is. This is the inner cause that lead the potential Entreprenur escape away from the exsisted Entreprenur. The institutional arrangement is needed for Entreprenur cooperate with each other. Through the observation of enterprisws derivation and the analysis of derivation mechanics, The tendency of evolution of industry organization can be found. The evolution and development of industry organization have three possible type of aim:The first is the industry organization made of big enterprises;The second is the industry organization made of mixture of big enterprises and small enterprises;The third is the industry organization made of middle and small enterprises. If the rate of derivation of enterprises is more than the rate of the death of enterprises, the...