Political Knowledge And The Modern Political Growth

In the view of political intellectualization, namely the constructiveness and accumulativeness of political knowledge, the author wants to explore the basic process of the growth of western modern democracy and reveal the close relation between political intellectualization and the course of western modern democracy.In chapter â…  ,after summarizing the study of modern politics in western intelligentsia about the development of democracy, this article proposes that political intellectualization is an important viewpoint in which modern democracy can be explored deeply. Democracy is the people' s practice, and so without the people' s knowledge about it, the development of modern politics cannot be understood. Additionally, this chapter analyzes the dual characteristic of practicality and normality of political knowledge and explores the main content of political intellectualization.The content of political intellectualization mainly includes four aspects: the development of discipline in the scientific process of politics; the conversion between system and knowledge; the spread of knowledge in the process of political education; the nomination of value in the criticism of philosophy.In chapter â…¡ , the conditions that how political intellectualization is possible have been explored. There are three conditions: that political field keeps recognized; the rationalization of political action; the socialization of politics.Firstly, the precondition of political intellectualization is that political field should be recognized, which is based on the separation of subject and object. Without the separation, any knowledge cannot come into being. In the view of thinking mechanism, recognition of politics is based on the separation of sovereignty and executive power. With the idea of the people' s sovereignty the problem of that who should get the supreme power has been resolved, and a public field in which the exploration of power exertion become possible has been provided. With this idea the barrier, which arises from tyranny, of accumulation of governing experience has been cleared. In the view of economic reason, this separation has arisen from the separation of politics and economy, which calls for the political agent of capitalist. The risk of agency and the necessity of the supervision and control make modern politics more public and more perspective, which help promote political intellectualization.Secondly, the rationalization of political action is the momentumof political intellectualization. Modern political system is built on interests which controlling passions have made political action rationalization. Political knowledge has constantly been developed with the transformation of interests. In modern western society, Machiavelli was reckoned as the founder of modern politics because he firstly differentiated politics from traditional morality, which means that politics has been constructed on base of interests. The principle of interests have legitimized individual interests and made people observe politics in the view of realism. This principle is the other word of the theory of the evil of humanity, which is a crucial hypothesis and an important idea which has greatly promoted western politics.Thirdly, the socialization of modern politics has provided a wide subject foundation for political intellectualization. In traditional society, to some extent politics had kept secret because only a few elite had political knowledge and its propaganda had been inhibited. Therefore, when disturbance or revolution took place, the accumulation of political knowledge was ceased or backed up and social life had been in a predicament of clone politics. However, in modern society, with the growth of civil society and has been the subject of accumulation of political knowledge, intelligentsia have got a relative independent survival field. Moreover, the national competitive election and multiparty system in modern society have promoted the socialization of politics, and also state and society have been combined in the course of political intellectualization.Chapter â…¢, â…£, â…¤ and â…¥ are the main content of this article, which have discussed concretely the compactness between the process of the growth of modern politics and political intellectualization. Modern politics consists of four aspects: nation-state; democratic system; civil culture and democratic value. Nation-state is the carrier and the premise of it; democratic system is the principal part of it; civil culture is the spiritual foundation; democratic value is the soul and core of it. Accordingly, the process of political intellectualization consists in corresponding four aspects: the development of political science and disciplinary; the political education and the promulgation of knowledge; the transformation and creation of knowledge; philosophical criticism and the abstraction of value. The development of disciplinary has been an important part of accumulation of it; the construction of system has been the major form and momentum of it; the transformation it into the people' s commonsense, spirit and political culture through political education have made accumulation realized; the abstraction of value has been the sublimation of knowledge and provided a higher foundation for the development of knowledge.In chapter â…¢, the relation between the growing of nation-state and the development of political science and disciplinary has been explored. Nation-state has been the carrier of modern politics; the growth of ithas been in inner relation to political science and eventually has given birth to the political disciplinary for nation-state' s great demanding of political knowledge. The course of the foundation of nation-state has been a course from status to contract, in which political science has facilitated modern society. The scientific process of politics has been an indispensable step to the foundation of political discipline. In the foundation of nation-state, power and intelligentsia have allied abroad, firstly lawyers and secondly philosophers and other social scientists had played a key role in this course. The demands for law, system, policy and legitimacy have constantly promoted political knowledge. Without political science, it is incomprehensible that nation-state could be found, and vice versa.In chapter â…£, the relation between modern democracy system and the information and innovation of political knowledge has been revealed. System and knowledge transform into each other. On the one hand, it is impossible that modern democratic system could be built and developed without its knowledge foundation. Modern democratic system has been the result of the transformation of bourgeois enlightenment thought into the principle of constructing system. These principles lie in four parts: of the people' s sovereignty, of the representative system, of the separation and balance of three powers and of ruling of law. On the other hand, it is very important in the process of founding, working and perfecting of system that there have constantly been an innovation and an interpretation for system. In the founding of it, it is the premise that democratic value has been transformed into knowledge, it is indispensable for the development of system to integrate theory and experience, and it is the key for the stability of system to recreate theoretically. In the course of working of it, it is an indispensable supplement to interpret theoretically for its abrasion, getting short of and dissimilation. Additionally, the interaction between experience and norm is an important means to eliminate the dissimilation of system. In sum up, system has been the carrier of political civilization and also been the main means of accumulation of political knowledge.In chapter â…¤, the relation of modern civil culture with political education and propagation of political knowledge has been explored. On the one hand, political education has been one elementary mission of political science; on the other hand, through transforming into the people' s commonsense, spirit and political culture, which have been the guidance of their political action, political education has promoted the accumulation of political knowledge. Modern civil culture is a rational culture, which could not grow up spontaneously, and also could not be fostered by religion as in ancient democratic regime, but must be cultivated by modern political knowledge. From its birthday political science has in consciousness taken political education as its elementary...