Researches On CPGB's Socialist Theory And It's Causes Of Decline After WWⅡ

This dissertation, with the instruction of Marxism, the adoption of the combination of the synchronic and diachronic, the historical and theoretical , as well as the comparative and analytical approaches, and the absorption of the research results derived from the political, economic ,sociological and religious disciplines, makes a comparatively overall study on the postwar socialist theories and practices of CPGB, focusing on the theories of the "peaceful transition" to socialism by CPGB, analyzes the reasons of the continual decline of CPGB in the latter half of the 20~th century, and following the latest development of CPGB, discusses the CPGB's current situations so as to predict the direction of its future, in the background of the Post-War political and economic conditions of the communist movements.Section One mainly analyzes the new national and international environments confronted by CPGB around the end of WW II and its conesponding adjustments towards the changing situation of the internal and external policies. This dissertation proposes that, the changes of the balance of international political power, the formation of "Yalta system", the Labor Party's regaining of power, the enforcement of the policies of nationalization and "welfare state", and the forming of consensus politics, all of which develop and directly lead to the great changes of the national and international environments where CPGB exists. Based on this situation, CPGB adjusts its strategies and tactics accordingly. Among these, the internal policies are to make full use of the political platform to struggle, take part in the postwar democratic reform actively, maintain the immediate interests of the labor class and the masses attentively and fight back the tide of anticommunism launched by the Labor Party rationally and politely;while its external policies are, in one way, to oppose the American cold war followed by the Labor Party authorities and the colony policies by the Labor Party government and in another, support the national liberation by the colonized people and strengthen the connection and cooperation with the progressive and democratic forces of the whole world.Section Two focuses on the study of the theoretical premise, era background, basic content and historical positions before putting forward the "peaceful transition" policies. This dissertation argues that, the route of the Great Britain revolution chosen by CPGB went through the transition from the "forces against capitalism" to "peaceful transition to socialism". This transition is CPGB's corresponding strategic adjustments in terms of the changes of national and international situations, consistent with the idea of peaceful development by Marx and Engels, and closely connected with the positional warfare theory by Gramsci. CPGB is the first one setting down the creed of peacefultransition in the western developed countries, kind of pioneering and innovative. In CPGB's opinion, in order to achieve the peaceful transition to socialism in Great Britain, the objective basis lies in the fact that the labor class occupies the majority of the mass, the democratic traditions in the parliament, the change of postwar international political power, the rise of new military forces;the socialist revolution of the Great Britain is a long-term process to be achieved step by step;the urgent task of the current Great Britain to strive for socialist revolutionary strategies is to establish a new-typed Labor Party government carrying out the left-wing policies, and then restructure the old national machine in a peaceful way;a "widely democratic alliance" should be built in the process of reform, with the bourgeoisies included, combined the parliamentary struggles and the mass movements as the main form of struggling for the regime;the policy of uniting the Labor Party and trying to join it should be stick to. The efforts of establishing socialism should be conducted under the multi-conditions of politics. The creed of "peaceful transition" advocated and laid down by the CPGB has a significant impact on the communists of other western European countries, and even the international communist movements, not only enriching the socialist revolutionary theories of Marxism, but also making for the healthy development of international socialist movements and relaxing the intense international satiations at that time. However,, there existed the obvious flaws of the "peaceful transition" by CPGB, that is, it is partial to the analysis of the historic conditions and objective factors, not giving enough attention to the subjective factors and conditions;it just constitutes some principles of the struggling tactics, impossible to put into practice;CPGB also overestimates the socialist factors in the Labor Party, setting partial hope of the "peaceful transition" on the Labor Party due to the declining limitation of its self power and influence, and so forthSection Three mainly studies the historical background, thoughts resource, general content of the concept of the Great Britain's future society by CPGB, and the construction theories of the party. This dissertation argues that, this concept experiences the process from the "Soviet Britain" to the "Socialist Britain". A series of changes of the international communist movements and the new changes of the political, economical and social structure in postwar Great Britain cause CPGB to consider a communist pattern different from the former Soviet's. The "structural reform" by Togilatti and "European communist" advocated have also influenced the form of CPGB's theories significantly. In CPGB's opinion, owing to their own specialities in politics, economy, and the development of society, every party of European countries should decide their own socialist routes independently according to their own historical and concrete situations. CPGB considers the future society of Britain to be a social one, harmonious and democratic, with individuality honored and developed, whose economy, featured by planed and democratic, is based on public ownership;whose politic propositionis the labor class and its allies reign the countries, not to mention the proletarian dictatorship, practicing the parliamentary system and multi-parties system, ensuring the democratic rights and liberty of people, carrying out equality between men and women, and protecting the human rights;whose foreign policies are for the policy of peace, alleviation, coexistence, disarmament, cooperation, anti-imperialism, anti-colonization, against the Great Nation Doctrine, and the Great Party Doctrine, holding that communist parties of every country are independent and equal. In the aspect of party construction, CPGB insists on that the leadership of Marxism and Leninism as well as the organization principle of Democratic Centralism, especially emphasizing that the mass participation and democratization of the Communist Party should act as the party of labor class and the political guide in realizing socialist struggles. In the light of basic theories, CPGB is not beyond the theoretical frame of the European communism, but CPGB never uses the diction of "European communism". Although the theoretical propositions of CPGB are more or less similar to the labor party's, the two are fundamentally different in guided thoughts, struggling tactics, targets, organization principles, and the policies of economical theories.On the base of the overall research of CPGB's decline process, Section Four focuses on the causes of CPGB's decline, and points out why the communist movements keep declining and in low tide lies in CPGB's own specific reasons, apart from the causes of the common decline in other western European countries. CPGB's decline is influenced by the international and its national factors concerned with Britain's specific economy, politics, and national cultural traditions. In terms of international factors, the postwar decline of CPGB has connection with the inflectional development of the postwar international politics and economy;in terms of national factors, the divergences of thoughts inside the party, the conflicts among different wings and the several separated organizations, all of which lead to the decline of CPGB. In terms of the specialties of economy policies and national culture, the developmental process, pattern, and current condition of Great Britain's economy and politics make for the existence and development of the democratic socialism featured by the moderation, improvement, compromise and gradual procession. All the factors mentioned above lead to the more serious declines than the Communist Party of other western European countries.Section Five studies the current situation and prospect of the postwar Great Britain communist movements. Having suffered a lot from the great changes of former Soviet Russian and East Europe, there existed the social democratization and CPGB has to be renamed as the "democratic left wing". But such wings of Communist Party as the Communist Party of Britain (Morning Star), the Neo-Communist Party of Great Britain, the Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist) launch a series of movements, among which the movements of Morning Stars wing have the majority of the massinvolved and create the great significance. CPB (Morning Star) has held several congresses in the late 20th century and the earlier of the new century, modifying the old party creeds, not only reaffirming the party creeds, tasks, organizational principles and the rules in relation with other parties, but also constituting the struggling strategies and policies in the latest periods. The economical globalization, the further procession of neo-technological revolution, the low tide of the communist movements of the world, the prevalence of neo-conservatism and neo-liberalism, and the practice of the labor party's theory of "the third road", all of which severely challenge the socialist movements in Great Britain in this new century. The economic globalization and the neo-technological revolution also further aggravate the fundamental contradictions and the crisis of Capitalism. In the meantime, the accumulation and increase of the socialist factors in capitalism and the rise of the socialist China also shed light on the rise of socialist movements in Great Britain, which as a whole is a hard, inflectional and long-term historical developmental process.