Reconstruction Of The Plight Of The Contemporary Liberal Constitutional And Ethics

Up till now, the human kind is still facing the questions about the exact definitions of good life, ideal nation, etc. The questions are perpetual topics not only in the field of moral philosophy, but also of political philosophy. Liberalism, as a set of theories about the nation, whose core is the theory about the relationship among individual, society and the nation, can not be separated from the discussion about the basic moral questions. The reason why liberalism is endowed with modern characteristics is that it puts forth a substantially different answer to the basic question of moral philosophy. Liberalism holds that the question of "what is good life" is confined to the individual's rational choice. Substantially, a country is a set of political rules based on individual rights and profits. It is not the loftiest course and can not function as a moral teacher; therefore, it can not provide the answer to the question of "what is good life".Constitutional politics comprises the political construction theory of liberalism. The core theory of liberal constitutional politics is to restraint national power to protect individual freedom and profits. So, liberal constitutional politics combines the positive goal and passive goal, making the constitutional politics passively suppress the vice rather than carry forward the beneficence. Under the conditional politics where the two goals conflict with each other, to choose one side will definitely weaken the other side, thus will run counter to the original purpose of the constitutional politics and get trapped in it.The constitutional practice of liberalism depends on the development of the liberal theory. The modern liberalism responds to the dilemma of the liberal constitutional politics. While communitarianism puts forth a different political plan from its opposition standpoint. The thesis holds that the dilemma of the constitutional politics concerning the relationship between individual and nation, individual and society, freedom and authority, right and power, etc, leads itself to a puzzle dom and run counter to the original purpose of the liberal constitutional politics. The main reason for this lies in the utilitarianism, which forms the basis of the traditional liberalism.The thesis holds that the liberal constitutional politics must be based on the corresponding moral philosophy. As the time of Aristotle cannot reappear, liberalism also cannot go back to the virtue ethics politics. So, constitutional ethic should be a normative one rather than a virtue one. It should be an ethic seeking for the basic standard, rather than being the one pursuing perfection. It should stress the universality of the moral principle and should not be regarded as a special theory. In the field of public life, the constitutional ethnic provides the basic moral common belief and calls for the basic social moral obligation. While in the field of individual life, constitutional ethnic should use its rules to guarantee the individual right and freedom.Liberal constitutional politics is substantially the public life of the political sphere. So, to build up wild political common belief and standardize and restraint the governmental activities are highly necessary. The constitutional common belief is the social base on which the liberal constitutional politics can develop. With political value as its content, justice as its value orientation and basic standard as its goal, it seeks the recognition and "common belief of multi-value. It should be the standard base for the conflicts between compromise and concrete political conflicts.