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The Inspection And Study On The Party Democracy Building Of The Marxist Party

Posted on:2009-02-01Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:H Y LinFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360242497371Subject:Scientific socialism
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
A political party is a product as well as a tool of political democracy. A progressive party is naturally paired with democracy. The so-called party democracy does not simply refer to the string of the words"party"and"democracy", but refers to the specific application of the value,principles and spirit of democracy to the party political life; the democratic degree and progressive status a party has reached during its formation,development and function; and the capability that a party has to create and absorb the results of human political civilization. As far as the structure is concerned, the party democracy mainly includes the intra-party democracy,the party's governing democracy (to the governing party), the national inter-party democracy( to a country with multiparty), the external inter-party democracy, etc. Party democracy building means the organic contact and organic unification of the building of the intra-party democracy, of the party's governing democracy, of the national inter-party democracy and of the external inter-party democracy. Its results are mainly embodied by the trinity of the enhancement of the party democratic consciousness, the growth of party democratic system and the cultivation of party democratic behaviors. To sum up, the party democracy building is a multi-side, multi-level and multi-content political system, political development situation and political development ability. It isn't a fixed target, but the orientation for party progress, and the continuation of the democratic order and the accumulation of democratic results of party politics. The party democracy building is a systematic engineering, with its consisting parts not being split into pieces mechanically but an interactive whole. Of course, the breakthrough of party democracy building has different choices among different parties, which cannot be stereotyped.As a democratic party of advanced class, the Marxist Party can never be separated from party democracy building. The theory of the party democracy building of the Marxist Party is originated from Marx and Engels who gradually established and developed their thought of party democracy building through the creation and instruction of the activities of the Communist League, First International, and Second International, in the process of helping the national states establish the socialist parties, and through their struggles against the political rivals of all shades and the wrong ideas inside the workers'movement. This thought indicates a direction for the Marxist Party's democratic party building and lays a solid foundation. It is the important part of Marxist theoretical system.In the history of mankind's party democracy building, the CPSU for the first time tried to carry on the Party democracy building with the guidance of Marxism, but ended with failure,without any achievement. After wresting political power, the CPSU exterminated or canceled other political parties quickly, practicing one-party system ruled by the Communist Party. Its intra-party democracy, after the death of Lenin, didn't get any development over a long period of time. The phenomenon of erasing distinctions between the party and the government and substitution of the party for the government was quite serious. It carried out great-powerism and great-partyism during the external inter-party communication, which deviated seriously from the essential requirement of the socialism and the nature and the purpose of the Communist Party. The CPSU didn't solve these problems in time, so after a long period of accumulation, it eventually became one of the most important reasons which caused the crumble of the CPSU. The lesson is very profound.The party democracy building of the real socialist states has long subjected to the influence of the operation pattern of the CPSU, up to now the long-standing abuse of this pattern still exists, making reformation formidable work. These states insist on the Marxist Party's leader status in nation and society and refuse rotation in office by several parties. As a result, the breakthrough of their party democracy building should be chosen inside the party. Only when intra-party democracy gets development first and the irrational power structure inside the party gets a change, can the party deal with its relationship with state power successfully to realize democratic governance; with democratic parties successfully to develop national inter-party democracy; with foreign parties and party international organizations to push forward external inter-party democracy. A lot of assertions that the Western Europe Communist Parties have made in respect to party democracy building are not completely identical with those of the real socialist states, their explorations are both positive and worrisome,and their development situation deserves our further observation and study.The CPC is a Marxist party in power with the most party members in the world nowadays. Whether the Party can do well in party democracy building has great significance not only to the future destiny of the party itself and socialism cause with Chinese characteristics, but also to the trend of mankind's progress business. Investigating the cause and effect of the CPC's party democracy building should not get away from the analysis and grasp of the social ecological environment in which it is carried on. Domestically speaking, the party democracy building of the CPC has close relations with the situation of the mode of production, with the process of the state's democracy and ruling by law, with the atmosphere of the political cultural feature, with the socialist idea, with the Party's judgment of its historical bearing, with the change of the structure of social class and stratum, etc. Internationally speaking, the party democracy building of the CPC has close contact with the conversion of the themes of the times and the rising of globalization, with the fluctuation of the international communist movement, with the new subject brought by the international human rights, with the transformation of party pattern and party system in the world, etc. These factors constitute the motive, pressure and resistance of the party democracy building of the CPC. And the party democracy building of the CPC goes forward within the interaction of positive and negative strength. How to use the motive effectively, change the pressure into motive and dissolve resistance is the important problem that must be resolved during the party democracy building of the CPC.In the period of the democratic revolution, Mao Zedong emphasized that"Democracy must be in all aspects", holding the view that"party affairs"should also be democratic. In fact,"the democracy of Party affairs"had no substantive difference from"the party democracy"on the connotation. This showed that, subjectively speaking, the CPC paid attention to and hoped to do well in the party democracy building. But a good wish doesn't mean a good deed in reality. After the foundation of the PRC, the CPC made different choice from the CPSU in regard to political party system, practicing the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, but it was almost the same as or even worse than the CPSU in respect to the centralization of authority of the party committee and erasing distinctions between the party and the government. The CPC treated the democratic parties as the bourgeois parties after the"Anti-righting Struggle"and worked on them with class struggle and transformation as the key link, making multiparty cooperation exist only in name. The CPC also regarded ideology as the key when handling the external work, practiced the"output revolution", fought for the leadership in international communist movement and the centre in world revolution, and the inappropriate handle of inter-party relations exerted negative effect on the relations between China and some countries. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Congress,the CPC's party democracy building has taken a new way without political movement but depending on reform and innovation under the new history condition. The CPC made a significant judgment that"Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party", adopting a series of measures to improve the intra-party democracy building. It came to realize that"the party and government should be separated and this issue should be put on the agenda", although there was a reversal in the understanding, great changes had taken place in the party's style of leadership and governance and scientific, democratic and law-based governance had become the party's established policy. It affirmed that"the system of multiparty cooperation is a characteristic and advantage of China,s policital system", resulting in a greater role of the democratic parties in the state's political life. It emphasized that"Friendly relations between parties should be established", according to the four principles of inter-party relations, forming an all-round, multi-channel, wide-area, deep-seated party diplomatic pattern. But there still exist many problems in the current party democracy building of the CPC. The nationalization and administration of the party organizations due to the backward development of the intra-party, together with the situation that multiparty cooperation depended to a great degree on whether the chief leader of the party committee was enlightened or not, actually reduced the CPC's leader status, weakened its leadership function and affected its legitimacy to govern. Deng Xiao-ping once warned that it was a great irony if the party was regarded as the highest authorities, so the CPC should take this warning, looking for measures actively and working hard to enhance the party democracy building to a new level.Firstly, in the respect of the intra-party democracy building. The one-party system with various factions, as practiced by the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, is an embodiment of multiparty alternation system in the intra-party life, but it doesn't fit China's and the CPC's actual conditions. Developing intra-party democracy should first make clear that it belongs to category of politics and it is, in nature, the rights that all the party members are master in the party and own the ultimate decision-making rights, the democratic centralism then belongs to the category of organization, as a result, intra-party democracy is superior to the democratic centralism which is democratic system in nature. It is suggested that, based on recovering a system of party conference with a fixed term, inside the party a Permanent Commission, an Executive Committee and a Disciplinary Committee to exercise the right to make decision, the right of execution and the supervisory authority respectively be set up, making them restrict as well as coordinate with each other so as to carry out a reasonable separation and scientific distribution of rights inside the party. In addition, the CPC should perfect the election system in the party, improve the way of holding the party congress, increase transparency in party affairs and create favorable conditions for democratic discussions within the Party, and make good use of network technology to strengthen the inner-party democracy building as well as the whole party democracy building.Secondly, in the respect of the governing democracy building. We should abandon the misunderstanding that Deng Xiaoping had discarded the viewpoint of separation of government from the party in his last several years of life, and devoted to settling the problem of erasing distinctions between the party and the government and substitution of the party for the government. The separation of government from the party refers to the separation of function between the party organizations and the organs of state, letting them perform their own official duties, rather than that the organs of state get rid of the party's political leadership or the party member is rejected to hold a post in the organs of state. In state's political life, the CPC plays a dual role of leading center and governance power, and the two are different in the main body, the acquisition of the position and the dependent means, so they should not simply be mentioned in the same breath. Further improving the Party's style of leadership and governance, spuring on the separation of government from the party, should first reform the current situation of the coexistence of the two governmental power systems of the Party and the government, and on that basis, make clear the relations between the Party and the People's Congress, the government, courts and procuratorate, so as to make them carry on their own work independently according to the rules of constitution and laws. The leading members of the Party and the government could hold a post cross with each other, but it should be avoided that the over-centralization of the power on a single person to lead to the phenomenon of erasing distinctions between the party and the government. In the end, we should give impetus to making"the Party is in charge of cadre management"scientific so as to change the actual practice that cadres at all levels and of all kinds are pointed by the Party organizations.Thirdly, in the respect of the national Inter-Party democracy building. There is no ecumenical political party system and we must strengthen the confidence of keeping to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics. The existence and development of the democratic parties are the presupposition and requirement to be well engaged in the system of multiparty cooperation of China, thus the CPC should support the democratic parties to expand their social base and to further develop and expand their organizations, and share the freedom of politics, the independence of organization and the equality of juridical status stipulated by the constitution and laws within the entitlements and onuses. The CPC should widen the passageways for the democratic parties to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs by means of adopting the composition of People's Congress Representatives, accentuating the People's Consultative Conference working, and extending the appointment of the democratic party members with actual power. The CPC should encourage the democratic parties to sing different tunes so as to make full use of democratic oversight and make the democratic parties'ideas, suggestions and critics benefit in reforming the CPC and the state's affairs. It is suggested, due to the close relations between the party legal institution and the party democracy, that we lay down"political party law"with Chinese characteristics according to the constitution and based on China's actual conditions and the beneficial experience of overseas Party Legislation, so as to put the CPC's law-based governance and the democratic parties'law-based participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs into the track of legality, to make the activities of all political parties in China legal and lawful, and to maintain the current party politics pattern in China.Fourthly, in the respect of external inter-party democracy building. The CPC should have a full recognition of the status and role of the party's external work in the state's overall diplomacy and the CPC democracy building, the inter-party relationship should only be subjected to and serve state relations, and put China's interests as the most important principle when discussing and dealing with problems. In the external inter-party association, the CPC should admit the objective existence of ideological dissimilarities among parties, and should not fuss about the social system and ideological differences and debate about ideology, so as to realize"make friends but keep a clear mind". The CPC should persist in the principle and standpoint of"not a leader","not a standard-bearer", and concentrate on China'own affairs in order to make greater contribution to human being, especially to the third world through China's development. The CPC should persist in taking different measures according to the activity form and economic power of parties of different kinds to strengthen the actual effect of external inter-party association. The CPC should persist in the principle of parties in different states'independence and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, at the same time uphold justice and push democracy in international relations. From the point of adhering to and perfecting the system of multiparty cooperation in China, the CPC should also bring into play the democratic parties'assistant role in its external inter-party democracy building, encourage and support the democratic party to develop the external inter-party associations, and create a new party diplomacy situation with features of the times and Chinese characteristics.The Marxist Party's cause is one that inherits the past and ushers in the future. The Marxist parties in all states, especially those in the real socialist states, should have the vision that gears to the needs of modernization, the world and the future. They should draw lessons from the failures of the CPSU and put the party democracy building on the agenda. The party democracy building of the Marxist Party can certainly be filled with life and vitality as long as the following principles are observed: 1) the principle of unifying the insistence and development of the doctrines left by Marxist classic writers; 2) the principle of unifying the long-term development and stage development; 3) the principle of unifying the ends and the means; 4) the principle of unifying endogenous character and draw on the beneficial results from others; 5) the principle of unifying abolishing the old and building up the new; 6) the principle of mutual influence among the organizations at different levels.
Keywords/Search Tags:democracy, political party, party politics, the Marxist Party, party democracy building
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